Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WM(B) Bibliography COPY > BA > Flashcards

BA Flashcards

Please conact Phil Simpson if you notice any mistakes or have suggestions for improving these subjects

1
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Having withdrawn from an incident when should the BA team close down?

A
  • Report to ECO and when instructed to close down remove fire helmet, remove gloves and pull down fire hood
  • Hold breath, press first breath button on top of LDV, remove facemask, extend straps.
  • Place facemask on the retaining stud
  • Replace fire helmet
  • Close cylinder valve, operate additional flow button to purge the BA set
  • Ensure that Bodyguard reading for cylinder pressure reads zero before collecting Bodyguard key and BA tally from ECO
  • Replace Bodyguard key
  • Report to committing officer for debrief.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How many Aide memoirs can be found in the back of a BA board?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the treatment for ‘Heatstroke’?

A
  • Remove to safe air
  • Remove fire kit
  • Cooling by dampening under clothing and fanning
  • Immediate medical assistance sought
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

On re-entry at an incident a team of two firefighters have 200 bar and 220 bar. What pressure should be recorded on the tallies and what is the working duration (as described on the BA board)?

A

190 bar for both and 15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a Bodyguard ADSU starts to bleep intermittently what does this signify?

A

Low battery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

The minimum size of the emergency team is determined by….?

A

The size of the largest team already committed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

The Effects of Heat Syncope are?

A
  • Cramps
  • Nausea
  • Headaches
  • Weakness followed by fainting or collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Heat Stroke is caused by?

A

An extreme and uncontrollable rise in body temperature caused by the body failure to remove excess heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What does STOPCAB stand for?

A

Self contained

Two stage

Open circuit

Positive pressure

Compressed

Air

Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When is Stage Two BA Entry Control Required

A
  • GTS required
  • More than 1 ECP
  • More than 10 wearers
  • High Ex Foam
  • Guidelines
  • British Transport Police
  • Protracted incidents
  • EDBA
  • Emergency Crews
  • Relief Teams Required
  • Leaky Feeders
  • Basement Procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

List the contents of the pouch on a BA board

A
  • Aide Memoirs 1-10
  • Acme Thunderer
  • Whistle
  • Chinagraph Pencil
  • A & B tallies
  • ECO Tabard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

As you report to the BA Entry Control Officer your low battery warning signal operates on your Bodyguard ADSU. What action should you now take?

A

Inform ECO and replace BA set before continuing with BA operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Heat Syncope is caused by?

A

An atmosphere where the temperature prevents a loss of excess heat and the body starts to absorb heat from the surrounding atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the minimum role of the person in charge of BA Main Control?

A

Station Manager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a BA team loses radio communication with the comms-op or ECO, without warning, the team leader will?

A

Decide whether to continue to carry out operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

You are at an incident requiring BA. You have completed a fire ground ‘A’ test and worn for a second time. You are then asked by the IC to ‘A’ test the same set again, what should you do?

A

Inform the IC that you have already carried out one fire ground ‘A’ test, worn twice, and that the set will now require a ‘B’ test if it is to be worn again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When should BA be worn?

A

When the incident commander deems that there is a risk of respiratory injury or discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Following an A or B test , what cylinder contents should be recorded , at the start or end of the test ?

A

The end of the test !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When wearing BA at a confirmed or suspected radiation incident, where should the EPD be worn?

A

It should removed from the inside pocket & attacthed to the storm flap of fire tunic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When can a BA wearer work alone?

A

In open air or line of site of IC, e.g at the top of an aerial or at a car fire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a BA team is led by a crew manager what would be the correct call sign for that BA team?

A

Station name, appliance, 3 or 4

e.g ‘North Kensington PL 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When a BA set is returned to PEG for service or repair which item should accompany the BA set?

A

Log book & Personal Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Once an exchange of air has been completed, whose ADSU should be operated?

A

The recipient’s ADSU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What are the effects of Heat Stroke ?

A
  • Lack of sweat
  • Dry flushed appearance
  • Rapid collapse
  • If not treated coma or death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What are the SDBA cylinder specs?

A

8 litre cylinder 2160 @ 300bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Why is it unacceptable to have facial hair below the top lip?

A

The HSE advise, and past fire brigade experience shows, that sweating can cause facemasks to slip. This increases the chance that the mask will come into contact with facial hair etc. Facial hair is an avoidable hazard, all firefighters trained in BA must remain clean shaven. Hair, (facial or head) or any adornment in contact with the facemask seal has the potential to impair the efficiency of the seal and compromise the respiratory protection of the wearer, and must be removed. The only facial hair that is allowed is a well trimmed moustache that does not extend below the upper lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What information is recorded on the rear of a BA tally?

A

EPD reading In/Out

GTCPS number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a BA team committed to a risk area becomes aware that they do not have sufficient air to withdraw from the scene of operations what must they do?

A
  • Go into entrapped procedure immediately
  • Maintain physical contact
  • Actuate a single ADSU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Explain what is meant by working duration?

A

The time between starting up the BA set and the operation of the low pressure warning whistle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Who is responsible for ensuring BA team briefing and debriefing takes place?

A

The IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When should a BA ECO don a BA set?

A

When they form part of a sub-surface reconnaissance team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Under what circumstances is it acceptable to wear BA without setting up entry control?

A

Under no circumstances, entry control procedures must always be implemented when wearing BA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the MINIMUM rank of an ‘Emergency team leader’ ?

A

Crew Manager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Why is it unacceptable to have facial hair below the top lip?

A

The HSE advise, and past fire brigade experience shows, that sweating can cause facemasks to slip. This increases the chance that the mask will come into contact with facial hair etc. Facial hair is an avoidable hazard, all firefighters trained in BA must remain clean shaven. Hair, (facial or head) or any adornment in contact with the facemask seal has the potential to impair the efficiency of the seal and compromise the respiratory protection of the wearer, and must be removed. The only facial hair that is allowed is a well trimmed moustache that does not extend below the upper lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Why is it unacceptable to have facial hair below the top lip?

A

The HSE advise, and past fire brigade experience shows, that sweating can cause facemasks to slip. This increases the chance that the mask will come into contact with facial hair etc. Facial hair is an avoidable hazard, all firefighters trained in BA must remain clean shaven. Hair, (facial or head) or any adornment in contact with the facemask seal has the potential to impair the efficiency of the seal and compromise the respiratory protection of the wearer, and must be removed. The only facial hair that is allowed is a well trimmed moustache that does not extend below the upper lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How do you identify what the tabs indicating which is the way out?

A

Long way in , short way out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How Long is a guide line?

A

60 Metres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How Long is a personal line?

A

6 Metres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How far apart are the tabs on a guideline?

A

2.5 metres

44
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How many guideline tallies are there in a BA control board carried on a Pump Ladder?

A

2 x Main guideline tallies

45
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a branch guideline is being or has been laid behind a BA team the ECO must:

A

Inform the BA team and get them to acknowledge the information

46
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a Main guide line needs to be extended, how are they attached?

A

If it is necessary to extend a guideline, attach the snap hook of the second guideline onto the loop at the end of the first line. Do not detach the line from the bag.

47
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What are the advantages of the BA team leader being the only person attached to a guideline?

A

Only the team leader need unhook and hook on at tie off points

48
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What are the advantages of the BA team leader being the only person attached to a guideline?

A

Only the team leader need unhook and hook on at tie off points

49
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What combination of guidelines can be used from an entry control point?

A

2 main guidelines and 4 branch guidelines

50
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the maximum distance a team of three can search off a BA guideline using personal lines?

A

6 metres

51
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the sequence used for picking up a partially extended guideline bag?

A

‘BKO’

  • Guideline bag
  • Karabiner
  • Overhand knot
52
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the sequence used for tying off the guideline bag?

A

‘OKB’

  • Overhand knot
  • Karabiner
  • Guideline bag
53
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When picking up a partialy laid guideline bag to extend, what is step 1?

A

Upon locating bag, team leader attaches it to ‘D’ ring on their BA set.

54
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What must the ECO/Comms op do if a branch guide line is to be laid off a main guide line?

A

BA teams working on a guideline must be informed if a branch guideline is being or has been laid behind them, and receipt of this information must be acknowledged.

55
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When picking up a guideline bag to extend, what is step 2?

A

Once attached to the bag the team leader may detach their karabiner.

56
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When picking up a guideline bag to extend, what is step 2?

A

Once attached to the bag the team leader may detach their karabiner.

57
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When picking up a guideline bag to extend, what is step 3?

A

Team may now proceed and remove overhand knot once line becomes taught.

58
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When should a branch guideline be used?

A

When there is a need to search more than 6 metres off a main guideline

59
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When should a branch guideline be used?

A

When there is a need to search more than 6 metres off a main guideline

60
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When the team leader is searching off a guideline, using the full 6 metre personal line, all wearers of the team must?

A

Remain between the team leader and the guideline

61
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When picking up a guideline bag to extend, what is step 3?

A

Team may now proceed and remove overhand knot once line becomes taught.

62
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When tying off a guideline bag, what is step 1?

A

Tie an overhand knot to the ‘D’ ring to secure the line.

63
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When tying off a guideline bag, what is step 3?

A

Secure bag to tie off point using snap hook on ‘D’ ring of bag.

64
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When tying off a guideline bag, what is step 2?

A

Team leader locates last tie off point and attaches karabiner to the guideline.

65
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Who gets priority if incoming & outcoming crews meet whilst on a guideline?

A

Give priority to outgoing BA teams.

66
Q

Entry Control

As you report to the BA Entry Control Officer your low battery warning signal operates on your Bodyguard ADSU. What action should you now take?

A

Inform entry control officer and replace BA set before continuing with BA operations

67
Q

Entry Control

What equipment should nominated ECOs ensure is available?

A
  • ECB.
  • ECO’s tabard.
  • Chinagraph pencil(s).
  • Evacuation whistle.
  • Main guide line tallies (A+B)
  • Branch guide line tallies (1-4 where applicable).
  • Aide-memoires (1-10).
  • Guide line(s).
  • Resuscitator (IEC pack).
  • Hand held radio for ECO/communications operator.
  • ECB tripod and bracket
68
Q

Entry Control

What are the most important elements of wearing BA at any incident?

A
  • The need to adhere to, and comply with BA procedures.
  • Communication.
  • Teamwork.
  • Checking Bodyguard pressure and time to warning/whistle (TTW) readings regularly.
  • Checking telemetry signal regularly and taking appropriate action when out of signal (i.e. contacting ECP via radio communication). If both radio and telemetry signal are lost BA teams must withdraw.
  • Understanding that BA supplements firefighting skills and practices.
  • Effective briefing and debriefing of BA teams.
  • Awareness of the physiological effects of working in hot/humid atmospheres
69
Q

Entry Control

With regard to communication, what must all personnel ensure takes place?

A
  • A comprehensive briefing for the BA team takes place prior to deployment.
  • A comprehensive debriefing takes place on withdrawal.
  • Full exchange of information on handover/take-over of tasks with other BA teams.
  • Regular updates from BA team leader on conditions, progress and team status.
70
Q

Entry Control

Can a entry control point can consist of more than one ECB?

A

Yes

71
Q

Entry Control

Where should an ECP be situated?

A

ECP’s must be sited in a safe position as near to the scene of operations as possible.

Sited in safe air, taking into account weather conditions, wind direction, physical limits of the incident and access to the scene of operations.

Sited in such a position that it should not be necessary to reposition them if the incident deteriorates and where optimum signal propagation is likely to be achieved (i.e. with the rear of the ECB facing towards the entry point).

72
Q

Entry Control

When should an incident be ‘Stage 1’?

A
  • To be used at incidents requiring limited numbers of BA wearers over a limited period of time.
  • Limited to one ECB (10 BA wearers).
  • Limited to one entrance into risk area except where two entrances are close together and visible from a single entry control point
73
Q

Entry Control

What are the main responsibilites of a ‘Stage 1’ ECO?

A
  • At Stage I an ECO is responsible for one ECB only, and a maximum of 10 BA wearers. (Use of the remaining spaces on the ECB will immediately initiate Stage II procedure).
  • Pass incident information to the IC and record the information transfer and time in the remarks column.
  • Advise BA teams of the location and tasks of adjacent BA teams during operations and record the information so that it is available for briefing/debriefing BA teams.
  • Initiating emergency procedures when necessary
74
Q

Entry Control

In order to maximise the efficiency of telemetry signal the ECO should carry out what steps?

A
  • Use tripod to propagate signal more efficiently (do not lay ECB on the ground).
  • Site ECB to reduce any obstructions between the ECB and BA wearers where possible.
  • Site ECB with its back towards BA wearers where possible.
  • Ensure ECB handles are not obstructed or held onto during use as this will affect telemetry signal (ECB side handle houses the aerial).
75
Q

Entry Control

What information should the ECO enter onto a board?

A
  • Location of the entry control point (ECP).
  • ECP call sign.
  • Role and name of the ECO.
76
Q

Entry Control

What steps should a ECO carry put when setting up a ECP?

A
  • Set up the ECB and check clock
  • Enter board info
  • Don the ECO entry control tabard.
  • Set up a resuscitator (IEC pack).
  • Obtain a radio and switch to the BA channel (6). If a BA Communications operator is nominated he/she must have a radio switched to channel 6. Switch the ECO’s radio to the incident command channel (1).
77
Q

Entry Control

When comitting a BA team, whats steps must a ECO take?

A
  • Inform all BA wearers of the ECP call sign.
  • Confirm each BA team call sign and record in the ‘Remarks’ column
  • Check each BA wearer’s name and cylinder contents .
  • Write the ’time in’ from the ECB clock onto the BA tally Where an ‘A’ test or ‘B’ test has been carried out at the incident enter ‘A’ test not recorded’ or ‘B’ test not recorded’ in remarks column of the ECB next to the wearer’s name.
  • At Hazmat Incidents record the number of the GTS on the rear of the BA tally and in the remarks column next to the wearer’s name.
  • At confirmed or suspected radiation incidents, record the EPD reading prior to entry and on exit, on the back of the BA tally.
  • Calculate and record the ‘Time of Warning/Whistle’ for each wearer in the ‘Location’ column
  • Ensure that telemetry signal is achieved prior to committal
  • Bracket the BA team together- put the earliest ‘Time of Warning/Whistle
  • Enter and up-date the location of BA teams during operations.
  • Record additional information such as extinguishing media in use along with guide line tallies and other equipment in use.
  • Check BA wearers are correctly rigged
  • If radio communications break down unexpectedly, immediately commit a BA team to investigate, and inform the IC.
  • If a BA tally fails to log on with the ECB when inserted, the ECO perform a ‘manual log on’
  • If telemetry signal can not be achieved automatically/manually for an individual BA wearer during initial start up it is likely to indicate a fault with the BA set. The BA wearer must replace their BA set before committal.
  • In the unlikely event that a telemetry signal cannot be established for all BA wearers during initial start up, BA teams should be committed using manual calculation duration tables only.
78
Q

Entry Control

When must a ECO ensure BA teams return to ECP by?

A

ECO must ensure that BA teams return to the ECP prior to their lowest recorded TOW.

79
Q

Entry Control

If there is a loss of signal with the telemetry, what must are the ECO’s actions?

A

They should inform the IC/sector commander to consider the use of repeater(s) and or leaky feeder

80
Q

Entry Control

If the ECB fails, what actions should the ECO take?

A

The ECO should request a second ECB to use (they must not leave the ECB themselves). They must also maintain close contact with the BA wearers via radio communications. The time the ECB failed must be reported by the ECO to the IC and they must annotate the ECB accordingly

81
Q

Entry Control

Following the failure of a ECB, what is the max time recommended before the consideration of intiating emergency procedures should be considered?

A

5 mins

82
Q

Entry Control

When must the ECO immediately commit a BA emergency team and inform the IC?

A
  • A BA team or wearer has not returned to the ECP by their lowest ‘time of warning/whistle’(either telemetry or manually calculated whichever is earliest)
  • An ADSU/DSU is actuated/indicated on the ECB.
  • A BA wearer is in distress.
83
Q

Entry Control

What must BA wearers do prior to removal of BA tally from ECB?

A

Ensure all BA wearers have closed down and purged their BA set prior to removal of BA tally from ECB

84
Q

Entry Control

When is a maunual log off required?

A

If a BA tally fails to log off from the ECB or following the GTS disrobe procedure due to BA tallies being removed from the ECB prior to the BA sets being shut down.

85
Q

Entry Control

What are the ECO’s duties if a DTW is reported?

A

If a DTW is reported, notify the IC who will nominate an officer to impound the BA set. Give the nominated officer the DTW Aide-Memoire 5 from the pouch on the ECB.

86
Q

Entry Control

What level of BA Entry Control would you require if you were committing in line of sight in GTCPS?

A

Stage 1

87
Q

Entry Control

What action should an Entry Control Officer take if a BA team reports a distress to wearer whilst committed in an incident?

A

Inform incident commander and commit any nominated emergency team

88
Q

Entry Control

What is the minimum role of a stage two BA Entry Control Officer?

A

Crew Manager

89
Q

Entry Control

Example of stage 2 Entry Control

A
90
Q

Entry Control

What are your immediate actions as Entry Control Officer if communications are lost without warning with a BA team?

A

Inform incident commander and commit any nominated emergency team

91
Q

Entry Control

As an Entry Control Officer how do you record the fact that a fire ground ‘A’ test has been carried out?

A

Record “‘A’ test not recorded” in the remarks column of the BA board

92
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

Why would a 2nd set be required?

A

A BA wearer suffers damage to the air supply of their BA set or is low on air

93
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the test procedure for a 2nd set?

A
  1. the set must be checked for a minimum of 240 bar
  2. the Bodyguard key must be left in the set
  3. a second set carrying bag must be used when available
  4. the facemask must be left connected to the set and kept within the facemask bag
94
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What is the minimum test pressure for a 2nd Set?

A

240bar

95
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

How many methods of using a 2nd set are there?

A

3

96
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What are the three methods of using a 2nd set?

A

The three methods are;

  1. The recipient can help, and the facemask and lung demand valve (LDV) are undamaged.
  2. The recipient can help using a 1m air line, and the facemask and LDV are undamaged
  3. The recipient’s facemask or LDV is damaged
97
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

In an emergency team of four, how many 2nd sets should be used?

A

Two

98
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

When committing an emergency crew with a 2nd set, the 2nd set ADSU must have?

A
  • The BA tally should be marked ’second set’ and disconnected from the Bodyguard key.
  • The BA tally is to be placed into the ECB and bracketed with the BA emergency team (no manual calculation required for ‘second set’), this will allow telemetry monitoring of the ‘second set’.
  • The key is to be left in the Bodyguard, of the ‘second set’.
  • This can be used to silence the Bodyguard of the recipient’s BA set (to aid communications) or silence any BA set that is left in the incident.
99
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

What kind of test is given to a BA set before use as a 2nd set when on the fireground?

A

Pressure test

100
Q

PN466 Breathing Apparatus

If a low pressure warning whistle actuates on the 2nd set during an exchange of air, what should the 2nd set operator do?

A

Ignore low pressure warning whistle.

Due to the design of the Drager PA94 set this is normal

WM(B) Bibliography COPY (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions