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Human Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What level is the spine of the scapula?

A

TIII

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2
Q

What level is the lower border of the scapula?

A

TVII

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3
Q

Which is more anterior? Greater or lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

Lesser tubercle

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4
Q

What level is the iliac cres at?

A

LIV

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5
Q

Which side of a cervical vertabrae is convex?

A

Inferior

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6
Q

What bone on the skull does the atlas articulate with?

A

Occipital condyle

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7
Q

What action happens at the atlanto-occipito joint?

A

Nodding of the head

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8
Q

Describe the transverse processes of the atlas.

A

Larger than the rest of the cervical vertabrae to allow for muscle insertion, which act at the atlanto-axial joint

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9
Q

What is the origin of the descending part of the trapezius?

A

Superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, CVII

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the descending part of the trapezius?

A

Acromion, lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Spinal portion of the accessory nerve (XI), proprioceptive contributions from the ventral rami of C3 and C4

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12
Q

What is the blood supply of the descending part of trapezius?

A

Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery (and vein)

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13
Q

What is the action of the descending part of the trapezius?

A

Elevation of the scapula and glenohumoral joint, retraction of the scapula

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14
Q

Describe the clavicle joints

A

Medially, it projects outwards and joins with the manubrium (and first clavicle) via the straight sterno-clavicular joint

Laterally, it curves inwards and joints with the acromion via the curved acroio-clavicular joint

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15
Q

Describe the features of the clavicle

A

Laterally and inferiorly, there is the conoid tubercle and and trapazoid line

Inferiorly and in the middle, there is the subclavian groove (for subclavius)

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16
Q

What inserts on the greater tubercle?

A

Supraspinatus (superior), Infrapinatous (middle), teres minor (inferior)

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17
Q

What inserts on the lesser tubercle?

A

Subscapularis

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18
Q

What inserts on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove?

A

Pectoralis major

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19
Q

What inserts on the medial lip of the bicipital groove?

A

Teres major

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20
Q

What passes through the bicipital groove of the humerus?

A

Long head of the biceps brachii

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21
Q

What is the external occipital crest?

A

A midline groove down the occipital bone, from the protuberance

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22
Q

What is the origin of the transverse part of trapezius?

A

CVII-TIV

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23
Q

What is the insertion of the transverse part of trapezius?

A

Spine of the scapula

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24
Q

What is the origin of the ascending part of trapezius?

A

TIV/V-TXII

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25
Q

What is the action of the transverse part of the trapezius muscle?

A

Retraction of the scapula

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26
Q

What is the action of the ascending part of the trapezius muscle?

A

Upward rotation of the glenohumoral joint, retraction of the scapula, depression of the scapula

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27
Q

Explain the pathway of the transverse cervical artery

A

Aorta, (brachiocephalic trunk), subclavian, thoracodorsal trunk, transverse cervical artery

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28
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

TVII- LV, sacrum, ribs X- XII, thoracocolumbar fascia

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29
Q

What is the attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the intertubercule sulcus

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30
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Adduction of the humerus, medial rotation, extension of the humerus

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31
Q

What is the nerve supply of the latissmus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6- C8)

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32
Q

What is thee blood supply to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery

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33
Q

Explain the pathway of the thoracodorsal artery

A

Aorta, (brachiocephalic trunk), subclavian, axillary, subscapular artery, thoracodorsal artery

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34
Q

What does the posterior layer of thoracocolumbar fascia connect to?

A

Spinous processes

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35
Q

What does the middle and anterior layer of thoracocolumbar fascia connect to?

A

Transverse processes

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36
Q

What forms the aponeurosis origin of the transverse abdominus?

A

At the lateral border of the quadratus lumborum, the anterior layer joins the middle and posterior

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37
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid minor muscle?

A

CVII- TI (2)

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38
Q

What is the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle?

A

Medial border of the scapula in line with the spine

39
Q

What is the nerve supply of rhomboid minor and major?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4, C5)

40
Q

What is the blood supply of rhomboid minor and major?

A

Deep transverse cervical artery (dorsal scapular artery)

41
Q

What is the action of rhomboid major and minor?

A

Retraction and elevation of the scapula

42
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid major muscle?

A

TII- TV

43
Q

What is the insertion of rhomboid major muscle?

A

Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the spine

44
Q

What is the origin of levator scapulae?

A

CI-CIV transverse processes (4)

45
Q

What is the insertion of levator scapulae?

A

Superior angle of the scapula

46
Q

What is the innervation of levator scapulae?

A

C3, Dorsal scapula nerve (C4, C5)

47
Q

What is the blood supply of levator scapulae?

A

Deep transverse cervical artery (dorsal scapular artery)

48
Q

What is the action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula, inferior tilt of the glenoid cavity

49
Q

What is the orientation of the rhomboids?

A

Point inferiorly from spinous process to scapula

50
Q

What is the origin of serratus posterior superior?

A

CVII- TIII (4)

51
Q

What is the insertion of serratus posterior superior?

A

Upper aspect of lateral angles of ribs 2, 3, 4 and 5

52
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior superior?

A

Elevation of the ribs 2-5

53
Q

What is the innervation of serratus posterior superior?

A

Ventral rami of ribs 2-5

54
Q

What is the origin of serratus posterior inferior?

A

TXI-LII (4)

55
Q

What is the insertion of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Lower aspect of lateral angles of ribs 9, 10, 11 and 12

56
Q

What is the innervation of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Ventral rami of ribs 9-12

57
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Depression of ribs 9-12

58
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres major

59
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi

60
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back?

A

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

61
Q

What are the deep muscles of the back

A

Splenius, erector spinae, semi spinalis

62
Q

What is the origin of splenius capitis?

A

Lower half of ligaentum nuchae, CVII- TIV (5)

63
Q

What is the insertion of splenius capitis?

A

Mastoid process, below lateral 1/3 of superior nuchael line

64
Q

What is the action of splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Lateral flexion of the neck, (bilateral) extension of the neck, ipsilateral rotation of the neck

65
Q

What is the innervation of splenius capitis?

A

Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

66
Q

What is the origin of splenius cervicis?

A

TIII-TVI (6)

67
Q

What is the insertion of splenius cervicis?

A

CI-CIII transverse processes(3)

68
Q

What is the innervation of splenius cervicis?

A

Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

69
Q

What is the origin of iliocostalis lumborum?

A

Sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertabrae, iliac crest

70
Q

What is the insertion of iliocostalis lumborum?

A

Angles of the lower 6/7 ribs

71
Q

What is the origin of iliocostalis thoracics?

A

Angles of the lower 6 ribs

72
Q

What is the insertion of iliocostalis thoracic?

A

Angles of the upper 6 ribs and transverse process of CVII

73
Q

What is the origin of iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Angles of ribs III to VI

74
Q

What is the insertion of iliocostalis cervicis?

A

Transverse processes of CIV to CVI (2)

75
Q

What is the origin of longissimus thoracics?

A

Blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region, and lumbar transverse processes

76
Q

What is the insertion of longissimus thoracics?

A

Transverse processes of all thoracic vertabrae, lateral to tubercle on lower 9/10 ribs

77
Q

What is the origin of longissimus cervicis?

A

Transverse process of of upper four or five thoracic vertabrae

78
Q

What is the insertion of longissimus cervicis?

A

Transverse processes of CII to CVI (5)

79
Q

What is the origin of longisimus capitis?

A

Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertabrae and articular processes of lower 3/4 cervical vertabrae

80
Q

What is the insertion of longissimus capitis?

A

Posterior margin of the mastoid process

81
Q

What is the origin of spinalis thoracics?

A

Spinous processes of TX to LII (5)

82
Q

What is the insertion of spinalis thoracics?

A

Spinous processes of TI to TVIII

83
Q

What is the origin of spinalis cervicis?

A

Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CVII

84
Q

What is the insertion of spinalis cervicis?

A

CII

85
Q

What is the origin of spinalis capitis?

A

Usually with semispinalis capitis

86
Q

What is the insertion of spinalis capitis?

A

Usually with semispinalis capitis

87
Q

What is the origin of semispinalis thoracics?

A

Transverse processes of TVI to TX (5)

88
Q

What is the insertion of semispinalis thoracic?

A

Spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertabrae and lower 2 cervical vertabrae

89
Q

What is the origin of semispinalis cervicis?

A

Transverse processes of upper 5/6 thoracic vertabrae

90
Q

What is the insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

Spinous processes of CII to CV`(4)

91
Q

What is the origin of semispinalis capitis?

A

Transverse processes of TI to TVI and articular processes of CIV to CVI

92
Q

What is the insertion of semispinalis capitis?

A

Medical area between the superior and inferior nuchael lines on the occipital bone

93
Q

What is the origin of multifidus?

A

Sacrum, Origin of erector spinae, PSIS, Mammillary processes of lumbar vertabrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertbrae, articular process of lower 4 cervical vertabrae

94
Q

What is the insertion of multifidus?

A

Base of spinous process from LV to CII

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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