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Anatomy > Back And Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Back And Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebral body and its function?

A

Round region of vertebrae, responsible for weight bearing. Increase in size from superior to inferior spine

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2
Q

What are the curvatures in adults vs foetuses?

A

Foetuses have 1 curvature.

Adults have multiple

Concave cervical and lumbar lordoses develop during infancy
Convex thoracic and sacral kyphoses are already in the foetus

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3
Q

What condition occurs due to excessive thoracic kyphoses?

A

Osteoporosis - common in elderly

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4
Q

What condition typically leads to excessive lumbar lordosis?

A

Pregnancy - returns to normal

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5
Q

What is a feature of scoliosis?

A

Curvature in spine laterally - common in adolescents and typically resolves itself with age

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6
Q

What are the 2 segments of a typical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body and vertebral arch (rest)

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7
Q

What is the role of articular processes and how do they look?

A

They are 2 vertical processes on either side of lamina (superior and inferior X2), which communicate with superior and inferior vertebrae

It’s a synovial joint

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8
Q

What is the spinous process and its role?

A

1 projection off the back of each vertebra that joins to muscles and ligaments

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9
Q

What are the transverse processes?

A

2 processes (1) on either side coming off the articular processes. Attached to muscles which are involve in maintaining posture

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10
Q

Pedicle role

A

Found connecting the vertebral body to the vertebral arch section

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11
Q

What are the 5 parts of the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle, lamina, 4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes, one spinous process

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12
Q

What is characteristic of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Small vertebral body, 2 foremen transversarium for the vertebral arteries and veins and sympathetic nerves to run through

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13
Q

What is characteristic of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Heart-shaped vertebral body

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14
Q

What is characteristic of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Large, oval/bean shaped body

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15
Q

Vertebral vs intervertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral foramen forms the vertebral canal for the spinal cord to travel down

Intervertebral foramen are spaces between adjacent vertebra for spinal nerves to exit

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16
Q

What is the name of the 3 sections of the meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid and pita mater

17
Q

Purpose of dura mater?

A

Thickest, so for protection

18
Q

Purpose of arachnoid mater?

A

Has CSF inside and cushions brain. Very fibrous

19
Q

Purpose of pia mater

A

Thin inner most layer with connective tissue and many blood vessels to nourish brain

20
Q

What are the 4 movements of the spinal cord?

A

Lateral extension/flexion
Upper trunk rotation
Extension and flexion of trunk
Rotation of head and neck

21
Q

What joint makes up the intervertebral disc?

A

Symphysis cartilaginous joint

22
Q

What joint makes up the facet joint?

A

Synovial planar - connects articular processes to superior and inferior vertebrae

23
Q

What joint makes up the joints between vertebra and ribs?

A

Synovial planar - on transverse processes and vertebral body (2 on each side)

24
Q

What joint makes up the skull and atlas connection

A

Atlas is C1. Its a synovial ellipsoid joint

25
Q

What joint makes up the atlas-axis joint?

A

Synovial pivot joint

26
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that are found on the vertebral column?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous
Supraspinous

27
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) role?

A

Prevent extreme extension

28
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) role?

A

Prevents extreme flexion

29
Q

Supraspinous ligament role?

A

All along back - very strong and prevents hyper flexion

30
Q

Interspinous role?

A

Connects adjacent spinous processes at the back

31
Q

Ligamentum flavum role?

A

Connects adjacent lamina so they’re not pulled apart. Very strong

32
Q

What are extrinsic back muscles with examples?

A

Connect back to other parts of body - limbs, head, thorax and abdomen. Superficial and intermediate muscle layers

33
Q

What are intrinsic back muscles with example?

A

Erector spinae. Deep in back. Acts only on the back, controlling trunk extension, lateral flexion and preventing extreme trunk flexion

34
Q

How is the vertebral column affected with age?

A

Less water content means less shock absorption

Muscle weakness leads to imbalance of load on spine - back pain

35
Q

Which disease affects elderly due to pathological changes in vertebral column?

A

Osteoporosis - compression fractures result in extreme/ altered curvature of spine (hunch back)

Anatomy (12 decks)

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