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ANAT 314 Material > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which group of muscles of the back is responsible for the movement of the upper limb?

A

Extrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Which group of muscles of the back is responsible for the movement of the vertebral column?

A

Intrinsic muscles

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3
Q

What are the most superficial back muscles?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the trapezius?

A

Nuchal ligament, supraspinous ligament, external occipital protuberance

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5
Q

What are the distal attachments of the trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and spine of scapula

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6
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve XI

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7
Q

What is the function of the trapezius as a back muscle when the scapula is fixed?

A

Bilateral contraction = neck extension
Unilateral contraction = ipsilateral flexion, contralateral axial rotation of head/neck

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8
Q

What are the axial attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

T7-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, ilium

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9
Q

What is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

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10
Q

Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi as a back muscle?

A

Bilateral contraction = spine extension
Unilateral contraction = ipsilateral flexion of lumbar spine

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12
Q

The thoracolumbar fascia consists of…

A

Deep fascia of the intrinsic muscles and the aponeuroses of some of the extrinsic muscles

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13
Q

Which muscles comprise the second layer of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

Levator scapulae and rhomboid major and minor

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14
Q

What is the axial attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4

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15
Q

What is the limb attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Superior angle of scapula

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation of scapula

17
Q

What are the secondary functions of the levator scapulae?

A

Bilateral = extension of cervical spine
Unilateral = ipsilateral flexion of cervical spine

18
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Anterior rami C3-C5

19
Q

What are the axial attachments of the rhomboids?

A

Spinous processes C6-T4

20
Q

What is the limb attachment of the rhomboids?

A

Medial border of scapula

21
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids?

A

Movement of scapula

22
Q

What innervates the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

23
Q

Which extrinsic back muscles form the third (deepest) layer?

A

Serratus posterior superior and inferior

24
Q

What are the vertebral attachments of serratus posterior superior?

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3

25
Q

What is the rib attachment of serratus posterior superior?

A

Superior border of ribs 1-4

26
Q

What is the function of serratus posterior superior?

A

Elevation of upper ribs

27
Q

What innervates serratus posterior superior?

A

Anterior T2-T5

28
Q

What are the vertebral attachments of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia and spinous processes T11-T12

29
Q

What is the rib attachment of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Inferior border ribs (8/9)-12

30
Q

What is the function of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Depression of lower ribs

31
Q

What innervates serratus posterior inferior?

A

Anterior rami T9-T12

32
Q

What covers the erector spinae?

A

TLF

33
Q

Which muscles comprise the erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

34
Q

What are the attachments of iliocostalis/longissimus and spinalis?

A

I/L: sacrum/ilium and vertebral processes to ribs
S: inferior to superior spinous processes

35
Q

What are the functions of the erector spinae?

A

Bilateral = extension of spine
Unilateral = spine lateral flexion

36
Q

What innervates the erector spinae?

A

Posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

37
Q

What are the general functions of the deeper intrinsic back muscles?

A

Spine stabilization and fine movement

38
Q

What innervates the deeper intrinsic back muscles?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves at the same level

ANAT 314 Material (22 decks)

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