Bacteria & Archaea

Question 1

Spheres?

Answer 1

cocci

Question 2

Rods?

Answer 2

bacilli

Question 3

Spirals?

Answer 3

spirilla

Question 4

prefix name for pairs, clump, and chain?

Answer 4

diplo, staphylo, strepto

Question 5

What are all the parts of a general bacteria?

Answer 5

flagellum, pili, nucleoid, ribosomes, plasmid, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule

Question 6

What colour is gram positive? why?

Answer 6

lack a lipid coat, absorbs crystal violet, appears purple

Question 7

What colour is gram negative? why?

Answer 7

have lipid coat, absorbs safranin, appears red

Question 8

what is binary fission?

Answer 8

-division of one parent cell into 2 genetically identical daughter cells (divide every 20-30 min)
-asexual

Question 9

what is conjugation?

Answer 9

bacterium DNA is copied, transferred to another bacterial cell, host cell can incorporate segments of the transferred genes into its own chromosome

Question 10

What is an endospore?

Answer 10

forms inside a certain bacteria in response to stress, protects the cell’s chromosomes from damage, dormant, highly resistant

Question 11

4 ways to control growth of bacteria

Answer 11

canning, radiation, freezing, refrigeration

Question 12

name of bacteria that feeds of dead/ decaying organic material?

Answer 12

decomposers (saporophytes)

Question 13

what is cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria)? how do they get energy?

Answer 13

-found in most habitats (mainly aquatic), nitrogen fixers, unicellular, colonial species, aquatic blooms can be toxic
-photosynthetic

Question 14

what is the process called when bacteria change N2 into NH3?

Answer 14

nitrifying (nitrogen fixation)

Question 15

what are two ways for bacteria to have genetic variation?

Answer 15

mutations & sexual reproduction

Question 16

difference between Aerobes, Anearobes and Faculative Anaerobes?

Answer 16

Aerobes- need oxygen
Anaerobes- don’t need oxygen
Faculative Anaerobes- can survive with or without