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Microbiology. INFECTION > Bacterial Genetics > Flashcards

Bacterial Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial genome are

A

Plasmid
Transposons
bacteriophage
Chromosomes

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2
Q

Bacteria Variation

A

(Phenotypic variation
Genotypic variation

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3
Q

Gene change in phenotypic bacteria

A

environmental change —>Change in gene expression

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4
Q

Reversible bacteria variation

A

Phenotypic variation

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5
Q

Non-heritable bacteria variation

A

Phenotypic variation

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6
Q

E.g for actions of phenotypic variation

A

Spores
Vegetation

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7
Q

Gene change in genotypic bacteria

A

Change in gene constitution

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8
Q

Irreversible bacteria variation is

A

Genotypic variation

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9
Q

Heritable bacteria variation is

A

Genotypic

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10
Q

E.g for actions happen in genotypic variation

A

e.g Mutation /gene transfer

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11
Q

Why is phenotypic variation reversible?

A

The gene change is due to environmental change, so if the environmental change is removed everything will be as it was before

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12
Q

Mutation is

A

Spontaneous induced due to replication errors

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13
Q

Plasmid structure

A

Circular dna
Extracellular and smaller than chromosome

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14
Q

Plasmid is found in gram pos. Or in gram neg. ?

A

Both

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15
Q

Properties of plasmid

A

DART
1-Dispensable (not essential)

2- Autonomously replicate:dependent from chromosomes

3- Recombination : integrate in chromosomes امتزاج

4- Transferred by: conjugation transformation -transduction

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16
Q

Function of plasmid

A

1-R plasmid (antimicrobial resistance)→ enzymes for resistance of antimicrobial
2- Virulence: Exotoxin
Adhesion –>by ordinary Pilli

3- F plasmid → sex pills → gene transfer by conjugation

ReViSe
S for sex

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17
Q

Why only f plasmid can form sex pills

A

Contain tra gene

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18
Q

Gene transport by Conjugation is only found is

A

Gram neg.

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19
Q

Types of plasmid

A

Conjugative plasmids
Non conjugative plasmids

20
Q

Plasmid that contains tra gene

A

Conjugative plasmids

21
Q

Copies of transmissible plasmid are ___ per cell

A

1-3 copies

22
Q

How transmissible plasmid is transport

A

Transferred by Conjugation
Tra genes → sex pilus& enzymes → conjugation

23
Q

Has no tra gene

A

Non-conjugation plasmid

24
Q

Type of bacteria that Contain conjugated plasmid

A

Gram neg.

25
Q

Copies of non conjugative plasmids

A

10-60 copy per cell

26
Q

Non-conjugative plasmids are found in with type of bacteria

A

Gram pos.

27
Q

Transportation of non transmissible plasmid

A

Transferred by:
1- Transformation(when release from dead cell)

2- Generalized transduction: e.g plasmid coding for beta lactamase in staph.aureus

28
Q

Definition of conjugation plasmid

A

Transfer of DNA among bacteria through sex pilli ,only in gran neg.

29
Q

Who controls conjugation plasmid

A

F plasmid (fertility factor) Carrying tra gene

30
Q

Bacteria Cell contain f plasmid is called ____ and how doesn’t contain F plasmid ____

A

F pos.
F neg.

31
Q

Mechanisms of transfer F plasmid

A

Donor F+ alive come with contact to recipient F- —>
unwinds F plasmid by Helicase enzymes —> 1 strand stay in 1 cell and the other pass to next cell—> complementary strand is formed by both cells –>donor remain F pos and recipient becomr F pos.

32
Q

What is transformation

A

Transfer of free (naked) DNA from donor to recipient

Donor was dead

33
Q

What we mean by competence

A

The ability of bacteria to uptake free dna

34
Q

Mechanisms of transformation

A

Dying bacteria (donor) release free(naked) DNA—>
Uptake by competent recipient–>Recombination with its dna

35
Q

Effect of transformation

A

Propagates (ينشر) new gene coding for Virulence factor

36
Q

Types of competence

A

Natural
Artificial

37
Q

What is natural competence

A

Presence of competence factor—->produce at a specific point of growth cycle –>DNA cross CM

38
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Induced by lab in genetic engineering
Treat
CaCl, & Heat shock →CM permeability + Homology between donor & recipient
If no homology → DNA is degraded

38
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Induced by lab in genetic engineering
Treat
CaCl, & Heat shock →CM permeability + Homology between donor & recipient
If no homology → DNA is degraded

38
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Induced by lab in genetic engineering
Treat
CaCl, & Heat shock →CM permeability + Homology between donor & recipient
If no homology → DNA is degraded

39
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Induced by lab in genetic engineering
Treating
CaCl, & Heat shock →CM permeability + Homology between donor & recipient
If no homology → DNA is degraded

39
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Induced by lab in genetic engineering
Treat
CaCl, & Heat shock →CM permeability + Homology between donor & recipient
If no homology → DNA is degraded

40
Q

What is artificial competence

A

Transfer dna –>Induced by lab in genetic engineering

41
Q

Mechanisms of Artificial competence

A

CaCl2, & Heat shock(incubation at 4°C followed by short exposure 4s°C )–> in.k. CM permeability

42
Q

Structure of Transposons

A

Structure
Small segments of DNA that can move (jump or transpose)
Cut and past

43
Q

Effects of transposons

A

Effects: a- Mutation in the gene where they insert

b- Alter expression of nearby genes

Microbiology. INFECTION (4 decks)

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