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Bacteriology > Bacterial Species > Flashcards

Bacterial Species Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Contagious mastitis in cows

  • peracute or subclinical
  • control with improved hygiene, culling carrier cows and intramammary antibiotics
  • *be aware of methicillin resistance

Bumblefoot in chickens

  • bumblefoot = gangrenous dermatitis of feet
  • also infects bones, tendon sheaths and joints
  • green-liver osteomyelitis complex
  • affects individual level
  • control w/ good management to reduce stress and injury as infection likely opportunistic

Tx based on susceptibility

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2
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

Dogs

  • 90% healthy dogs colonized
  • causes opportunistic infections
    • pyoderma and otitis externa –> often secondary to underlying disease (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, endocrinopathy)
    • surgical site infections
    • orthopedic implants
    • necrotizing fasciitis
    • nosocomial infections

Addressing primary disease = key to success

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3
Q

Staphylococcus hyicus

A

Pigs

  • exudative epidermitis = greasy pig disease
  • acute or peracute and sporadic w/in herd
  • in suckling and newly weaned when mixing litters, fighting animals, unclipped teeth, rough bedding
  • high mortality rate
  • early antimicrobial tx may be effective
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4
Q

Staphylococcus chromogenes

A

Pigs, sheep, cattle, goats

  • most frequently isolated coagulase -ve species from bovine mastitis
  • also in ovine and caprine mastitis
  • greasy pig-like syndrome
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5
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Contagious mastitis in cows

  • infected cows are source
  • mainly subclinical disease (not systemically ill)
  • disease = breakdown in biosecurity
  • tx w/ intramammary antibiotics (penicillin susceptible)
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6
Q

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

A

Environmental mastitis in cows

  • teats infected from environment/bedding
  • suggests management issues –> improve cleanliness and better bedding
  • Dry cow tx and teat sealer
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7
Q

Streptococcus equi subsp equi

A

Strangles in horses
- strangles = abscessation of submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes
- transmitted by contact w/ nasal secretions/discharges from abscesses
- very contagious and so isolation is key
Tx = penicillin

Bastard strangles –> metastatic abscesses

  • hematogenous spread to lung, liver, mesentery, spleen, kidney and brain
  • purpura hemorrhagica = vasculitis secondary to deposition of immune complexes

Most horses will have immunity against future infections
Vaccines available

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8
Q

Streptococcus canis

A

Dogs and cats
Kittens –> soft tissue abscessation and resp infections
Dogs –> opportunistic pathogens (wounds, urinary, mammary)

Tx = penicillin
Floroquinolones can activate phage superantigens (cytokine storm) = necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome

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9
Q

Streptococcus suis

A

Pigs
Meningitis, arthritis, septicemia and sudden death
- has high case fatality rate
- typically affects nursery pigs and associated w/ moving pigs, over-crowding and poor ventilation

  • piglets infected from sow and environment at farrowing and enters through tonsils

Zoonotic infections associated w/ serotype 2

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10
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Opportunistic infections in dogs and cats

Rumen acidosis in cattle –> lactic acid producer

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11
Q

Enterococcus sp

A

Mortality in chicks –> associated w/ fetal contamination of eggs

  • first sign is death
  • management is key = prevent stress and other diseases

Dogs and Cats

  • opportunistic infections => most commonly systemic (bacteremia and endocarditis) or localized infections (abdominal cavity, resp tract, etc)
  • can cause UTI

Knowing species of enterococcus is key to tx as antimicrobial and intrinsic resistance bn

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12
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Goats and sheep

  • causes caseous lymphadenitis = pyogranulomatous abscesses of lymph nodes and internal organs
  • onion like layers of pus
  • highly contagious
  • difficult to eradicate once herd/flock is infected
  • antimicrobials don’t penetrate into abscesses
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13
Q

C renale

A

Bovine
Infections of urinary tract (renale, cystidis, pilosum)
Cystitis = infection of urinary bladder/lower UTI –> not systemically sick but see hematuria and proteinuria
pyelonephritis/upper UTI –> see fever, depression and reduced feed intake

Maintained in herd by subclinical carriers and diseased animals
- transmitted by urine droplets splashing from infected to susceptible vulva of cow

Tx with antibiotics –> penicillin

In sheep

  • balanoposthitis = inflammation of penis and prepuce = pizzle-rot
  • predisposed by high protein diets = high urea concentration
  • Tx is combo of antimicrobials and debriding dead tissue and removing excess wool
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14
Q

Corynebacterium in dogs and cats

A

A positive culture needs to be interpreted carefully in context of the patient
- remember a diagnostic test isn’t a diagnosis and so need to look for clinical signs, cytology to show infection

C auriscanis and ulcerans –> common in skin infections

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15
Q

C diptheriae

A

Primarily human pathogen

Resp disease common

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16
Q

R equi

A

Horses

  • severe bronchopneumonia in young foals
  • common cause of pneumonia in foals 3wks-5mo
  • see abscessation in older horses
  • enteric disease seen in 50% of foals w/ pneumonia

Organism acquired from the environment –> in soil contaminated w/ feces
Become infected when inhale virulent strains

Ubiquitous on horse farms

Prognosis –> fair in foals w/ chronic disease and poor in foals w/ acute disease

Tx w/ antimicrobials

Increasing incidence in cats

17
Q

Actinomyces bovis

A

Order = Actinomycetales

Lumpy jaw in cattle and other ruminants
A. bovis is part of normal microbiota but can invade w/ tissue damage when mucosa is damaged (course feed, plant awns)
- Mandibular lesion is most common
- periosteal new bone formation, fibrosis
- formation of hard, immovable, painless mass -> becomes painful if starts to involve teeth
- might help if drain tracts

Tx w/ debridement and antimicrobials
- Tx can arrest lesion growth but regression often doesn’t occur

Prevent w/ high quality feed

18
Q

Actinomyces spp

A

Order = Actinomycetales

Cats and dogs
-part of normal microbiota and get pathology when enter normally sterile site
- thru bites, inhaled penetrating grass awns, foreign bodies, penetrating stick wounds, damage to oropharynx
Most commonly seen in mid-large breed dogs –> hunting and sport breeds

Variable presentation 
  - Often presents as pyothorax 
  - firm or fluctuant lesions
  - draining tracts 
  - usually in head/cervical region 
Aspirated/draining material often serosanguinous to purulent and presence of filamentous rods

These are often polymicrobial infections

Tx –> finding and removing foreign body and long term antimicrobials (penicillin)

19
Q

Actinobaculum suis

A

Order = Actinomycetales
Pigs

Commensal of urogenital tract –> cause of UTI
When hear Actinobaculum think urinary tract

Clinical Signs

  • typically afebrile but can see hematuria and pyuria
  • can have progression to polynephritis

Tx –> antimicrobials (penicillin) and management (high hygiene and ensuring sufficient access to water)

20
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Order = Actinomycetales

Causes superficial infections in many species
See infections when
- carrier animal present = maintained thru colonized hosts
- abundance of moisture
- skin damage
Organism lives on skin -> moisture stims release of zoospores that can be mechanically transmitted bw animals
- see crusting lesions

Horses
 - rain scald on back 
 - dew poisoning = lower extremities when kept on wet pasture 
Sheep 
- lumpy wool or mycotic dermatitis 
 - strawberry foot rot

Tx –> topical disinfectants and antimicrobials (depends on animal species)
Management -> remove from wet environment and discard crusts and source of infection

21
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

A

Order = Actinomycetales
Associated with wide variety of suppurative infections
- it’s an opportunistic bacteria = has no classical presentations
- can see laryngeal or liver abscesses in cattle
- component of BRD complex
- arthritis, SQ abscesses in pigs

Often polymicrobial infections –> often w/ Fusobacterium necrophorum
Spreads by septic emboli

In cattle –> liver abscesses exemplifies role of septic emboli
- cattle fed highly fermentable diet = ruminitis due to lactic acidosis and microbes can enter portal venous system

22
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Cattle, sheep, goat
Since Listeria is common in environment (feces and plant material) –> infected manure spread on fields and can contaminate feed
- so target silage pH should be mucousal damage, teeth cutting or tooth loss
Neural form though to migrate to brain via trigeminal n = acute meningoencephalitits, microabscesses all over brain –> circling disease

Also see sepsis and abortions –> when organism ingested or inhaled
-predilection for uterus and fetal tissues of ruminants = placentitis, fetal septicemia, abortions, stillbirths, neonatal deaths
Consider aborted ruminant fetuses biohazardous (esp for pregnant woman)

Abortions
- tends to be sporadic
- occurs in animals w/out prior clinical signs (cattle last 2 mo of gestation and sheep last month of gestation)
Transient effect on fertility = recovered animals thought to be resistant to reinfection

Tx and management

  • prophylaxis w/ tetracycline
  • remove abortuses
  • test silage

In chickens
- young birds most susceptible
- Septicemic form –> emaciation and diarrhea
- Encephalitic form –> depression, incoordination and nervous signs
- Associated w/ cold and wet conditions
ID of source is key to control

Dogs and Cats

  • uncommon
  • ingested by eating contaminated food
  • see GIT or neurological/systemic disease
    • systemic spread often results in localizing to placenta or CNS
23
Q

Listeria ivanovii

A

Abortion in ruminants –> 3-5wks following exposure to spoiled feed

24
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Pigs)

A

Pigs

  • Acute -> characteristic diamond skin lesions 2-3 days after exposure
  • depression, inappetence, pyrexia
  • sometimes diamond lesions don’t have enough time to appear if severe enough

Subacute -> less sever than acute

Chronic -> long term sequelae following acute disease
- arthritis, stiffness, cardiac insufficiency if damage to heart valves in acute phase

Typically affects pigs older than 3 mo (prob due to waning maternal immunity)
Exposure through mouth -> enters body thru palatine tonsils and then systemically spread = bacteremia

25
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Turkeys)

A

Presumably oral exposure
Peracute-> acute onset of disease
- starts w/ death of several birds and others that are droopy
- Toms may have congested snoods
- endocarditis frequently the cause of death

26
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Wild Ungulates)

A

Associated w/ large die-offs
Musk ox
Caribou in BC

27
Q

Erysipelothrix tonsillarum

A

Dogs
- endocarditis in dogs
Endocarditis –> fever and recent onset of murmur

Tx w/ high doses of antimicrobials = penicillins and extended tx length

28
Q

Erysipelothrix spp

A

Ornamental Fish

- lethargy, hovering in water, hemorrhage of fins and skin

Bacteriology (1 decks)

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