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Pathophysiology > bacteriology (bacteria) > Flashcards

bacteriology (bacteria) Flashcards

1
Q

gram - cocci (examples)

A 
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) 
Neisseria Meningitidis (meningitis)
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2
Q

gram- bacilli (examples)

A 
Escheria coli (EColi)
Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping cough)
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3
Q

gram - bacteria (structure)

A

thin peptidoglycan layer, inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and outer membrane with periplasmic space in between, stain pink, porins, bacilli or cocci, outer membrane embedded with lipopoly-saccharides with act as antigens

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4
Q

gram - enteric rods

A

found in GI tract (normal flora or infectious), facultative anaerobes

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5
Q

gram - nonenteric rods

A

aerobes, common cause of respiratory tract infection

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6
Q

gram - cocci

A

aerobes or facultative anaerobes

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7
Q

gram + bacteria (structure)

A

bacilli and rods, both can be aerobes or facultative anaerobes, cytoplasmic membrane AND thick peptidoglycan wall

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8
Q

gram + cocci (examples)

A

staphylococcus (S. aureus) = skin infections, TSS (everything!)
B- hemolytic Streptococci (S. Pyogenes=skin infections, strep throat, necrotizing fasciitis)

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9
Q

gram + bacilli (examples)

A 
Listeria monocytogenes (meningitis, abortion)
Corynebacterium (C. diphtheriae = diphtheria)
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10
Q

bacteria without cell walls (structure)

A

no peptidoglycan cell walls, enclosed in plasma membrane, pleomorphic (can alter shape)

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11
Q

bacteria without cell walls (examples)

A

Mycoplasma (M. hominis = STD, UTI and M. pneumoniae)

Ureaplasma (M. urealytium = STD)

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12
Q

acid fast bacteria (structure)

A

Cell wall composed of waxy lipid (mycolic) acid peptidoglycan and glycolipids (high lipid in wall = normal dyes cannot penetrate it; most bacteria can be decolorized with alcohol but acid fast retain stain)

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13
Q

acid fast bacteria (examples)

A

mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis = TB, M. Leparae = leprosy)

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14
Q

Obligate Intracellular parasites (what they do)

A

Bacteria that can only grow within host cells,

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15
Q

obligate intracellular parasite (examples)

A 
Chlamydia trachomatis (GU and eye disease)
Rickettsia rickettsee (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
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16
Q

spirochetes (structure)

A

flexible, thin walled, gram - bacilli, corkscrew, motile, uniquely enveloped by outer glycosaminoglycan sheath, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anearobic, can be part of normal flora

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17
Q

spirochetes (examples)

A

Treponema pallidum (syphillis), borrelia burgorferi (lyme disease)

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18
Q

Spore forming bacteria (structure)

A

Gram + rods ONLY, resistant to heat, desiccation, UV light, chemical agents

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19
Q

Spore forming bacteria (what they do)

A

Cell undergoes structural and metabolic changes to increase chance of survival by forming then releasing endospores (parent cell lyses)

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20
Q

Spore (endospore)

A

contains copy of DNA, reduced metabolic activity, impermeable envelope (cannot divide)

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21
Q

Spore forming bacteria (examples)

A

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium tetani (tetanus)

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22
Q

staphlococcus aureus (signs/symptoms)

A

skin infections, osteomyelitis, arthritis, endocarditis, pneumonia, UTI, TSS

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23
Q

staphlococcus aureus (pathogenesis)

A

gram + cocci, catalase + (enzymes), protein A, hemolysins, arranged in clusters, MSSA or MRSA

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24
Q

staphlococcus aureus ( diagnostics)

A

catalase test, blood culture, gram staining

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25
Q

staphlococcus aureus (management)

A

antibiotics, drain abscess

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26
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia (signs, symptoms)

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media

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27
Q

streptococcus pneumonia (pathogenesis)

A

gram + cocci (in chains), Alpha hemolytic (hemolyzes RBCs), polysaccharide capsule, pili, choline binding protein A, enzymes

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28
Q

streptococcus pneumonia (diagnostics)

A

gram stain, blood cultures, sputum culture, spinal fluid, nasal swab, grow on blood agar (no catalase)

29
Q

listeria monocytogenes (signs/symptoms)

A

most food born, meningitis (neonates, immunocomp adults), sepsis, abortions (pregnant women)

30
Q

listeria monocytogenes (pathogenesis)

A

gram + rod, aerobic, diplococci or short chains, enters cell by phase and escapes infecting the cell, membrane degrading phospholipases, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, motile

31
Q

listeria monocytogenes( diagnostics)

A

spinal tap (culture), blood culture

32
Q

listeria monocytogenes (management)

A

antibiotics, washing hands when prepping food

33
Q

Escherichia Coli (signs/symptoms)

A

UTI, sepsis, neonatal meningitis, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis

34
Q

E. Coli (pathogenesis)

A

Gram - rod, fimbriae, pili, lerment lactose, facultative anaerobes

35
Q

E. Coli (Diagnostics)

A

Stool culture, PCR, UA

36
Q

E. Coli (Management)

A

Prevention, maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, antibiotics

37
Q

Vibrio cholera (signs/symptoms)

A

Cholera, sepsis, diahrrea, hypovolemic shock, dehydration (“rice water stools”)

38
Q

Vibrio cholera (pathogenesis)

A

gram - rod, short, curved, aerobic, single flagella, adhesion factors, cholera toxin (enterotoxin)

39
Q

virbrio cholera (diagnostics)

A

blood or macconkey agar

40
Q

virbrio cholera (management)

A

maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, antibiotics, prevention

41
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (signs/symptoms)

A

STI, neonatal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, disseminated infection

42
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (pathogenesis)

A

Gram - cocci, aerobic unencapsulated, pili, porin protein, requires iron for growth, lipooligosaccharide, opacity proteins (displayed on membrane), cannot survive outside body

43
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (diagnostics)

A

gram stain, swab culture, urine test, selective media

44
Q

Neisseria gonorrheoeae (management)

A

antibiotics, prevention, become drug resistant

45
Q

yersinia pestis (symptoms)

A

septicemia, bubonic plague (high fever, chills, headache, malaise), pustules, purpura (“rats are pests, PESTis”)

46
Q

yersinia pestis (pathogenesis)

A

enterobacteriaceae family, small gram - rod, Yop proteins, capsule, resistant to phago, facultative anaerobic, Pla protease, bubo, zoonosis, carried by lymph system (INFECTIOUS!)

47
Q

yersinia pestis (diagnostics)

A

gram stain (stains bipolarly), clinical presentation, culture from bubo or CSF, blood culture

48
Q

yersinia pestis (management)

A

abx, supportive therapy for shock, doxy, prevention

49
Q

Clostridium botulinum (signs/symptoms)

A

botulism (flaccid paralysis, difficulty swallowing or focusing)

50
Q

Clostridium botulinum (pathogenesis)

A

Gram + rod, anaerobic, large, form endospores, neurotoxin, inhibits release of acetylcholine (one of most potent know poisons, found often in canned foods, can occur in infants)

51
Q

Clostridium botulinum (Diagnosis)

A

clinical presentation, anaerobic culture, toxin identified in serum, stool and food

52
Q

Clostridium botulinum (Management)

A

Prevention, antitoxin administration, may require mechanical ventilation, abc

53
Q

Treponema pallidum (signs/symptoms)

A

Syphilis (chancre, no pain), rash (hands/soles), lymph node enlargement, CNS symptoms, alopecia, condyloma lata (raised grey/white lesions)

54
Q

Treponema pallidum (pathogenesis)

A

Spirochetes, gram -, outer membrane composed of glycolipids and lipoproteins, endoflagella (corck screw)

55
Q

Treponema pallidum (Diagnosis)

A

2 serology tests (may not be positive for up to 3 weeks), clinical presentation

56
Q

Treponema pallidum (Management)

A

PCN, prevention and education

57
Q

Mycobacterium (signs/symptoms)

A

TB (may be dormant or progress to disease), tubercle in lung (can get into blood stream and cause systemic effects)

58
Q

Mycobacterium (pathogenesis)

A

Acid fast bacteria (long, slender rods, mycelia acid cell wall - waxy, lipid)

59
Q

Mycobacterium (diagnosis)

A

carbol fuchsin stain (appears red and purple), chest X-ray, ppd test, clinical presentation, sputum culture

60
Q

mycobacterium (management)

A

multiple drug therapy (long term)

61
Q

rickettsia rickettsii ( signs/symptoms)

A

rocky mountain spotted fever, rash that starts on extremities (palms and soles) then spreads all over body

62
Q

rickettsia rickettsii (pathogenesis)

A

small, rod like or coccobacillary, gram -, stain poorly, brought into cell via phago

63
Q

rickettsia rickettsii (diagnosis)

A

polychrome stain, serology, immunofluorescence or histochemical procedures, PCR, biopsy

64
Q

rickettsia rickettsii (management)

A

prevention, antibotics

65
Q

gram + bacteria

A

staph, strep, bacilus, clostridium, listeria

66
Q

gram - bacteria

A

neisseria, enterics, haemophillus, bordetella, legionella, yersinia, chlamydia, ricettsia, spirochets

67
Q

acid fast bacteria

A

mycobacterium

68
Q

bacteria with out cell walls

A

mycoplasma

Pathophysiology (7 decks)

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