Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Dorsal Basal Nuclei (3)

Answer 1

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Question 2

Ventral Striatal Complex Structures (2)

Answer 2

Olfactory Tubercle

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 3

Neostriatum

Structures (2) and Functions

Answer 3

Caudate Nucleus: eye movement and cognition

Putamen: motor functions

Question 4

Direct Motor Circuit

Function and Pathway (4)

Answer 4

Voluntary movement stimulation

Cortex and Pars Compacta feed input to Putamen
Putamen feeds output to Globus Pallidus Internus and Pars Reticulata
GPi/SNPR send axons to Ventroanterior and Ventrolateral Nuclei of the thalamus
Thalamus sends axons to cortex

Question 5

Indirect Motor Circuit

Function and Pathway (6)

Answer 5

Inhibits unwanted accessory movements

Cortex and Pars Compacta send input into Putamen
Putamen sends output to Globus Pallidus Externus
GPe sends to Subthalamic Nuclei
Subthalamic Nuclei go to Globus Pallidus Internus and Pars Reticulata
GPi/SNPR go to Ventroanterior and Ventrolateral Nuclei of the thalamus
Thalamus goes to the cortex

Question 6

Globus Pallidus

Parts (2) and Function

Answer 6

Internus
Externus

Both function as motor output pathways

Question 7

Substantia Nigra

Parts (2) and Functions

Answer 7

Pars Compacta: motor input

Pars Reticulata: motor output

Question 8

Parallel Circuits (3)
Input and Outputs

Answer 8

Oculomotor Loop
Caudate input
Ventroanterior/Dorsomedial Nuclei output

Associative Loop
Caudate input
Ventroanterior/Dorsomedial Nuclei output

Limbic Loop
Nucleus Accumbens input
Ventral Pallidum output