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Pre A-level Chemistry > Basic > Flashcards

Basic Flashcards

1
Q

what is ionic bonding?

A

involves ion which are charged particles, the form bonds between metals and non metals

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2
Q

what happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?

A

metal atoms lose electrons and become positively charged metal ions

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3
Q

what happens to non metal atoms in ionic bonding?

A

non metal atoms gain electrons and become negatively charged non metal ions

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4
Q

what are radicals?

A

they are groups of atoms that tend to remain chemically combined during reactions

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5
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of hyrdroxide?

A

valency 1, charge 1-, OH-

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6
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of nitrate?

A

valency 1, charge 1-, NO3 -

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7
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of hydrogencarbonate?

A

valency 1, charge 1-, HCO3 -

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8
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of carbonate?

A

valency 2, charge 2-, CO3 (2-)

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9
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of sulphate?

A

valency 2, charge 2-, SO4 (2-)

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10
Q

what is the valency, charge and chemical formula of ammonium?

A

valency 1, charge 1+, NH4+

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11
Q

What is the valency number and group number equal to?

A

The valency number is equal to the charge

Th group number is equal to the number of outer electrons

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12
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons

- they form between a non metal and another non metal, both non metals need extra electrons to make a full outer shell

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13
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of hydrochloric acid?

A
  • HCl
  • pH1
  • strong acid
  • hcl (g) neat
  • hcl (aq) diluted
  • ions H+, Cl-
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14
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of nitric acid?

A
  • HNO3
  • pH 1
  • strong acid
  • HNO3 (l) neat
  • HNO3 (aq) diluted
  • ions H+, NO3-
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15
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of sulphuric acid?

A
  • H2SO4
  • pH 1
  • strong acid
  • H2SO4 (l) neat
  • H2SO4 (aq) diluted
  • ions 2H+, SO4(2-
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16
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of ethanoic acid?

A
  • CH3COOH
  • pH 4
  • weak acid
  • CH3COOH (l) neat
  • CH3COOH (aq) diluted
  • ions H+, CH3COO-
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17
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of sodium hydroxide?

A
  • NaOH
  • pH 14
  • strong alkali
  • NaOH (s) neat
  • NaOH (aq) diluted
  • ions Na+, OH-
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18
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of calcium hydroxide?

A
  • Ca(OH)2
  • pH 14
  • strong alkali
  • Ca(OH)2 (s) neat
  • Ca(OH)2 (aq) diluted
  • ions Ca2+, 2OH-
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19
Q

What is the formula, pH, neat form, diluted form and ions of ammonia?

A
  • NH3
  • pH10
  • weak alkali
  • NH3 (g) neat
  • NH3 (aq) diluted
  • ions NH4+, OH-
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20
Q

What is the common ion to acids and alkalis?

A

Acids is hydrogen, H+

Alkalis is hydroxide, OH-

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21
Q

Whats a base?

A

If a base is soluble its an alkali, if its insoluble its a base

22
Q

What is the first reaction that acids undergo?

A

Acids with metal hydroxides
Acid + Alkali -> salt + water
- alkalis are metal hydroxides and are soluble

23
Q

What is the second reaction that acids undergo?

A

Acid with metal oxides
Acid + Base -> salt + water
- Bases are metal oxides and are insoluble

24
Q

What is the third reaction that acids undergo?

A

Acids with moderately reactive metals
Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen
- Its a displacement reaction as the metal is higher in reactivity than the hydrogen and so will take H2’s place to form the salt, releasing hydrogen as a gas

25
Q

What is the fourth reaction that acids undergo?

A

Acid with metal carbonates
Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
- carbon dioxide is released which can be collected and tested

26
Q

Whats a atom?

A

The smallest part of an element to exist

27
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance consisting of only one type of atom

28
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made from two or more different elements that are chemically combined

29
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A particle made from atoms joined by covalent bonds, they can be elemental molecules or compound molecules

30
Q

What is a mixture?

A

It contains more than one substance which are not chemically joined together, and can be easily separated

31
Q

Whats a ion?

A

A charged particle

32
Q

Whats a cation?

A

A positively charged ion

33
Q

Whats a anion?

A

A negativity charged ion

34
Q

Whats a covalent bond?

A

The attraction betweem atoms that are sharing electrons within a molecule, between two non metals

35
Q

Whats a ionic bond?

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound, between a metal and non metal

36
Q

Whats a alkali metal?

A

A metal from group 1

37
Q

Whats a alkaline earth metal?

A

A metal from group 2

38
Q

Whats a halogen?

A

A member of group 7

39
Q

Whats a halide?

A

A halogen that has gained an electron to form a negatively charged ion

40
Q

Whats a noble gas?

A

A gas from group 0 or 8

41
Q

Whats a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made from hydrogen and carbon only

42
Q

Whats neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction between acid and alkali or base that produces a neutral salt

43
Q

Whats a salt?

A

an ionic compound that forms from positive ions and negative ions

44
Q

Whats combustion?

A

The reaction that occurs when the atoms in an element/compound completely combine with oxygen, releasing energy

45
Q

Whats a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid that sometimes forms in solution

46
Q

Whats a filtrate?

A

The liquid that passes through the filter

47
Q

Whats residue?

A

The solid that doesn’t pass through the filter

48
Q

Whats solute?

A

The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

49
Q

Whats a solvent?

A

The liquid in which a solute dissolves to form a solution

50
Q

Whats a solution?

A

A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent, water is the solvent, salt is the solute and salty water is the solution

51
Q

Whats a valency?

A

The number of bonds an atom/radical can potentially form when it reacts

Pre A-level Chemistry (1 decks)

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