Basic Chemistry And Chenm Bonds

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Any substance in the universe that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

Extremely small particles that make up matter

Question 3

Ions

Answer 3

Atoms in which the number of Electrons Does not equal that of the proton

Question 4

Molecules

Answer 4

A group of atoms held together by energy. The holding force is called a chemical bond

Question 5

Ionic bond

Answer 5

Formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions. Strong but not as strong as Covalent bonds, and not directional. A.k.a. they are not formed by particular ions in a compound

Question 6

Covalent

Answer 6

Formed when two atoms share electrons. Strong-strength increases with the number of shares electrons. Very directional – they are formed between two specific atoms, definite shape

Question 7

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 7

Formed by the attraction of opposite partial electric charges between two polar molecules. These bonds do not hold a molecule together. Week – not as effective over long distances, but collectively become strong. Highly directional – polar molecules must be very closed for the week attraction to be effective

Question 8

Polarity

Answer 8

In each water molecule the oxygen atom attracts more than its fair share of electrons. The oxygen and acts negative, the hydrogen acts positive

Question 9

Cohesion

Answer 9

Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules, this allows water to create hydrogen bonds. Create surface tension – then surface film on the liquid

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

Attraction of water molecules to other polar molecules. Creates capillary action – ability of liquid to flow and narrow spaces without assistance

Question 11

High specific heat

Answer 11

The amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1 g of a substance 1°C. Water is this temperature change, both for heating and cooling. This helps organisms maintain homeostasis