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Immunology/Micro > Basic Micro > Flashcards

Basic Micro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main staining groups? Colors associated with them?

A 
Gram positive (Purple)
Gram Negative (Pink)
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2
Q

What are examples of wall-less bacteria?

A

Mycoplasma bacteria

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3
Q

Steps for Gram Stain

A
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Iodine
  3. Decolorizer (alcohol/acetone)
  4. Safranin Red
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4
Q

Important Acid Fast bacterial components

A

Waxy Mycolic acid (prevents phagocytosis)

Cord Factor (trehalose), which is a virulent factor.

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5
Q

What does acid fast stain test for? What color is + test?

A

It tests for mycoplasma bacteria and a pink color is positive.

Nocardia asteroides filaments
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lung)
N. brasiliensis
M. Leprae

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6
Q

How are spirochetes stained? Color seen when + test?

A

Stained with Warthin-Starry stain, this is used because their walls are too thin for gram stains.

Stains black by using silver particles.

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7
Q

Quellung reaction

A

Identification of bacteria with clear cell walls we can’t normal y see.
This process uses antibodies and methylene blue.

Ex: S. pneumoniae

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8
Q

Examples of spore forming gram + bacteria.

Aerobic and anaerobic

A

Aerobic= Bacillus (rod)

Anaerobic= Clostridium (rod)

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9
Q

Examples of non spore forming gram + bacteria…

Filamentous and non-filamentous

A

Filamentous= actinomyces and Nocardia

Non-filamentous= Corynebacterium and Listeria

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10
Q

Gram + bacteria

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci

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11
Q

Gram - bacteria (Cocci)

A

Neisseria

Moraxella

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12
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rods Enteric)

A 
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Campylobacter
Yersinia enterocolitica
Salmonella
Shingella
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13
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rod aerobic)

A

Pseudomonas

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14
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rod anaerobic)

A

Bacteroides

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15
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rod respiratory)

A

Haemophilus
Bordetella
Legionella

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16
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rod Zoonotic)

A

Pasteurella
Brucella
Francisella
Yersinina pestis

17
Q

Gram - bacteria (Rod Curved)

A

Campylobacter
Vibrio
Helicobacter

18
Q

Intracellular bacteria (not stained)

A

Chlamydia

Rickettsia

19
Q

Spirochetes

A

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira

20
Q

Major components of bacterial cell walls for both gram - and +

A

Peptidoglycan (murein): which are NAM and NAG repeating layers

21
Q

Peptidoglycan are held together by…

A

Tetra peptides attached to NAM (includes L-lysine as 3rd), D-alanine is the terminal peptide.

L-lysine can be replaced with diaminopimelic acid, which is a unique AA, which is not found in proteins.

Each NAM/NAG is connected by penta-glycine.

22
Q

What inhibits NAM/NAG formation

A

Fosfomycin, used for UTI infections

23
Q

NAG-NAM is held together by

A

beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage

24
Q

What breaks down beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage

A

Targeted by bacitracin and lyzozyme.

Immunology/Micro (2 decks)

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