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MY A&P 2015 > Basic Neuroscience > Flashcards

Basic Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

How does the nervous system communicate to the endocrine system?

A

Neuron —– nerve impulse —- neurotransmitter —- target cell — hormones in blood — endocrine system

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2
Q

An example of a non-polarised cell?

A

Eg. HEK293 cell (kidney cell)

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3
Q

An example of a simple polarised cell?

A

Epithelial cells with a apical and basolateral structure

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4
Q

An example of a highly polarised cell?

A

Neuron - with soma, axon, dendrite

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5
Q

What are the two major cell types in NS?

A

Neuron & Glia

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6
Q

What is glia?

A 
One of the major cells in the NS 
Role to support neurons
Can divide
Outnumbered of 10/1
Signal in brain
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7
Q

What cell does Gila pass through?

A

CNS- astrocytes // oligodendrocytes // ependymal // microglian //
PNS - Schwann cells

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8
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Found in CNS - many axons

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9
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

PNS - single axon

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10
Q

Does the neuron system have connective tissue?

A

No - the supporting cells are Glia

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11
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Nerve cell bodies - outside of the brain

Eg. Cortex, nuclei & inner part of spinal cord

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12
Q

What is white matter?

A

Axons and myelin - inner part of the brain and outer part of the spinal cord

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13
Q

How can you tell which way a signal is traveling in a neuron?

A

Dendrites - receive Cell Body - integrating Axon - synapse

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14
Q

What are the cell body of a neuron called?

A

Soma

Perikaryon

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15
Q

What are the two types of processes?

A

Axon - specialised for transmission of info

Dendrites - specialised receipt of information

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16
Q

What can neuronal cells do that other can’t?

A

Reproduce

Trigger action potential

17
Q

What can nerve cells communicate with?

A

Nerve cells
Muscles
Glands

18
Q

How do membrane potential in neurons?

A

Charged ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Charged ions want to move to areas of opposite charge
Ions can be kept outside or inside a cell against their concentration gradient channels

19
Q

What is the inside of the membranes charge?

A

Inside of neuron is negative compared to outside

20
Q

What is the charge of sodium outside?

A

Positive

21
Q

What happens during deplorisation?

A

Sodium channels open sodium moves into cell

22
Q

What happens during replorisation?

A

Sodium channels close
Potassium channels open.
Potassium moves out.

23
Q

What is the job of the myelin?

A

Insulates the axon so action potential travels quickly. No myelin means action potential will move slowly down neuron.

24
Q

What are examples of neurotransmitter?

A 
Serotonin 
Dopamine
Acetylcholine 
GABA 
Noradrenaline / adrenaline
25
Q

Direction of sensory neurons?

A

Originate from sensory receptors to the processor

26
Q

Direction of motor neurons?

A

Conduct signals originated in CNS

MY A&P 2015 (15 decks)

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