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Small Animal Nutrition > Basic Nutrition > Flashcards

Basic Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What two amino acids are essential to a cats diet?

A

Taurine and arginine - both aa’s help make 3rd aa that helps in protein break down

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2
Q

What essential fatty acid can dogs manufacture but cats cannot?

A

Arachidonic

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3
Q

What two vitamins are cats not able to convert from pre-vitamin form to active form, but dogs can?

A

Vitamin A and niacin (a B vitamin)

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4
Q

What three reasons do animals require a balanced diet?

A

Growth, life-stages, maintenance

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5
Q

What is the most critical part of a diet?

A

Energy

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6
Q

What is metabolizable energy?

A

Amount of energy after losses to urine and feces

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7
Q

What is the energy value for carbohydrates and protein?

A

4 Kcal/g

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8
Q

What is the energy value for fat?

A

9 Kcal/g

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9
Q

What are the 3 energy producing nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

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10
Q

What are the 3 non-energy producing nutrients?

A

Vitamins, minerals, water

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11
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Components that must be supplied by the diet, the animal cannot synthesize them

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12
Q

What are non-essential nutrients?

A

Nutrients that are synthesized by the animal

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13
Q

How much water should be drank by an animal?

A

Should be proportional to the number of calories - 1000 Kcal eaten = 1000 ml of water drunk

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14
Q

What do carbohydrates do and where are they mostly found?

A

Supply energy and dietary fiber, are a major constituent of plants

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15
Q

Name 3 types of carbohydrates and their make-up

A

Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose
Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides - glycogen, starch

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16
Q

Are high starch diets suitable for cats?

A

No

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17
Q

What is the main carbohydrate in pet food?

A

Starch

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18
Q

What types of starches are highly digestible by cats and dogs if source is appropriate and carbohydrate is cooked properly?

A

Plant based starches - grains (corn)

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19
Q

What do soluble fibers help with?

A

Promote healthy gut immune function by supporting the growth of good bacteria

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20
Q

What do insoluble fibers help with?

A

The movement of material through the digestive system (hairballs in cats)

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21
Q

What provides the most concentrated form of energy?

A

Fat

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22
Q

What is the most noteworthy types of fat?

A

Triglycerides - composed of 3 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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23
Q

What are the two types of fats and what are they?

A

Saturated - comes from animal products, not as healthy
Unsaturated - comes from plant source, healthy

24
Q

What three essential fatty acids are required by both cats and dogs?

A

Linolenic, linoleic, DHA

25
Q

What essential fatty acid is required in a cats diet?

A

Arachidonic - omega 6 fatty acid

26
Q

What does the essential fatty acid DHA help with?

A

Brain and vision during puppy/ kitten development

27
Q

What is protein essential for?

A

Normal hormone and enzyme structure and function, maintenance and repair of body tissues

28
Q

What are two life-stages that require increased protein intake?

A

Growing and lactating

29
Q

What is protein made up of and what are the requirements for this?

A

Chains of amino acids
Animals need 22 - can synthesize 12, remaining 10 must be consumed

30
Q

What amino acid can cats NOT synthesize and what does deficiency lead to?

A

Taurine - deficiency leads to heart enlargement

31
Q

What amino acid is essential for growth?

A

Arginine

32
Q

What amino acid helps with GI problems, muscle atrophy and wound healing?

A

Glutamine

33
Q

Are vitamins used as an energy source?

A

No

34
Q

What are the two categories of vitamins and what vitamins fall under each category? Can they become toxic?

A

Fat soluble - A, D, E, K - stored in the liver, toxicity from excess can occur
Water soluble - B complex, C - not stored, excreted in the urine, deficiencies can occur

35
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

Vision, maintenance of epithelial tissue, skeletal and tooth development, spermatogenesis and estrous cycles

36
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

Regulate calcium and phosphorus for normal bone structure and maintenance

37
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

Antioxidant for cell health and repair - supports skin integrity and immune system to help improve disease resistance

38
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

Required for normal blood clotting

39
Q

Why are rodenticides highly toxic to dogs and cats and what is the antidote for this toxin?

A

Contains a substance that destroys the body’s ability to make blood clotting factors that require vitamin K for synthesis - Vitamin K1 (phenytoin) is the only antidote for this toxin

40
Q

What is the function of the B complex vitamins?

A

Essential to metabolic processes and body’s ability to use nutrients

41
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

Production of collagen - structural component of skin, tendons, bone, cartilage, connective tissues
Important antioxidant

42
Q

What are minerals essential for?

A

Metabolism

43
Q

What are the 7 macro minerals? CPPMSSC

A

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, chloride

44
Q

What are the 8 micro minerals?

A

Copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt, chromium, iron

45
Q

What are the functions of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Ph)?

A

Important in cardiac and skeletal muscle function - Main components of bone tissue (must be in correct ratio)

46
Q

What is the function of potassium (K)?

A

Proper body fluid acidity

47
Q

What macro mineral are senior cats with kidney problems often deficient in?

A

Potassium - often due to PU

48
Q

What is the function of magnesium (Mg)?

A

Component of bone and of carbohydrate and protein metabolism

49
Q

FLUTD in cats is often caused by an excess of what macro mineral?

A

Magnesium

50
Q

What is the function of sulfur (S)?

A

Involved in protein synthesis, energy metabolism, blood clotting, hormones and acid/base balance

51
Q

Wat is the function of sodium (Na)

A

Maintains metabolic water balance, involved in nerve transmission and transportation of amino acids in the body - Works closely with chloride (Cl)

52
Q

What is the function of Iron (Fe) and where is it stored?

A

Essential component of hemoglobin and myoglobin - stored in the liver, bone marrow and spleen

53
Q

Anemia is caused by a deficiency of what micro mineral?

A

Iron

54
Q

What is the function of copper (Cu)?

A

Has a close interrelationship with iron, aids in the development of healthy red blood cells

55
Q

What is the function of zinc (Zn)?

A

Important for enzyme systems and protein synthesis, important for skin and hair coat health

56
Q

What is the function of iodine (I)?

A

Required by the thyroid gland for thyroid hormone synthesis

57
Q

What is function of chromium (Cr)?

A

Aids in insulin function, improves glucose uptake by cells - chromium yeast is added to weight loss/ control diets and diabetes mellitus diets

Small Animal Nutrition (5 decks)

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