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Teach Me Anatomy > Basics (Terminology- Joints) > Flashcards

Basics (Terminology- Joints) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

A

coronal, sagittal, and transverse

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2
Q

Coronal plane

A
  • a vertical plane
  • divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A
  • a vertical plane
  • divides the body into left and right sides
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4
Q

Transverse plane

A
  • a horizontal plane
  • divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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5
Q

Flexion and extension occur in what anatomical plane?

A

sagittal plane

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6
Q

Flexion and extension refer to what?

A

the increasing and decreasing of the angle between body parts

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7
Q

Flexion

A

a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

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8
Q

Extension

A

a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

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9
Q

Abduction

A

a movement away from the midline

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10
Q

Adduction

A

movement towards the midline

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11
Q

Medial rotation

A

a rotational movement towards the midline

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12
Q

Medial rotation example

A
  • With a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward.
  • This is medial rotation of the hip.
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13
Q

Medial rotation is also referred to as what?

A

Internal rotation

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14
Q

Internal rotation example

A
  • Imagine you are carrying a tea tray in front of you, with elbow at 90 degrees.
  • Now rotate the arm, bringing your hand towards your opposite hip (elbow still at 90 degrees).
  • This is internal rotation of the shoulder.
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15
Q

Lateral rotation

A

a rotating movement away from the midline

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16
Q

Elevation

A

movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug)

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17
Q

Depression

A

movement in an inferior direction.

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18
Q

Supination

A

palm up; lying on back

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19
Q

Pronation

A

palm down; lying on stomach

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20
Q

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements occur at what structure?

A

ankle

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21
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.

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22
Q

Plantar flexion

A

extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly.

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23
Q

Inversion

A

movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.

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24
Q

Eversion

A

movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

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25
Q

Inversion and eversion occur at what joint?

A

ankle joint

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26
Q

Circumduction

A

a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.

27
Q

Protraction

A

anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.

28
Q

Retraction

A

posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly

29
Q

Define joint

A

a connection between two bones in the skeletal system.

30
Q

What are the 3 types of joints (tissue)?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

31
Q

Fibrous joint

A

bones connected by fibrous tissue.

32
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

bones connected by cartilage.

33
Q

Synovial joint

A

articulating surfaces enclosed within fluid-filled joint capsule.

34
Q

What kind of joints are fibrous?

A

joints that require strength and stability over range of movement.

35
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses.

36
Q

Sutures

A

immovable joints

37
Q

Where are suture joints found?

A

only found between the flat, plate-like bones of the skull.

38
Q

Gomphoses

A

immovable joints

39
Q

Where are gomphoses joints found?

A

where the teeth articulate with their sockets in:

  • the maxilla (upper teeth)
  • the mandible (lower teeth).
40
Q

Syndesmoses.

A

slightly movable joints
- comprised of bones held together by an interosseous membrane

41
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

a thick dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the space between two bones, forming a type of syndesmosis joint.

42
Q

What are the syndesmosis joints in the body?

A
  • radioulnar joint
  • tibiofibular joint
43
Q

What two kinds of cartilage make up cartilaginous joints?

A

fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.

44
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondroses and symphyses

45
Q

Synchondroses

A
  • the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage.
  • immovable joints
46
Q

Symphyses

A
  • the bones are united by a layer of fibrocartilage.
  • slightly movable joints
47
Q

Synchondroses joints examples

A

the joint between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a growing long bone.

48
Q

Symphyses joint examples

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • joints between vertebral bodies.
49
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • defined by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule.
  • freely movable
50
Q

What are the most common type of joints in the body?

A

synovial joints

51
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  • hinge
  • saddle
  • plane
  • pivot
  • condyloid
  • ball and socket
52
Q

Hinge

A

permits movement in one plane – usually flexion and extension.

53
Q

Hinge joint examples

A

elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint

54
Q

Saddle

A

It is characterized by opposing articular surfaces with a reciprocal concave-convex shape.

55
Q

Saddle joint examples

A

carpometacarpal joints.

56
Q

Plane

A

the articular surfaces are relatively flat, allowing the bones to glide over one another.

57
Q

Plane joint examples

A
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • subtalar joint
58
Q

Pivot

A

allows for rotation only

59
Q

Pivot joint examples

A
  • proximal and distal radioulnar joints
  • atlantoaxial joint.
60
Q

Condyloid

A

contains a convex surface which articulates with a concave elliptical cavity.

61
Q

Condyloid joint examples

A
  • wrist joint
  • metacarpophalangeal joint
  • metatarsophalangeal joint
62
Q

Ball and socket

A

where the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone.

  • It permits free movement in numerous axes.
63
Q

Ball and socket joint examples

A
  • hip joint
  • shoulder joint

Teach Me Anatomy (2 decks)

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