BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH)

Question 1

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) is an extremely common cause of

Answer 1

prostatic enlargemen

Question 2

Benign prostatic hyperplasia It is present in

Answer 2

significant number of men by 40 years of age

Question 3

Bph frequency

Answer 3

90% by the eighth decade of life

Question 4

The enlargement of the prostate in men with BPH is an important cause of

Answer 4

urinary obstruction

Question 5

Bph results from

Answer 5

from proliferation of stromal and glandular elements

Question 6

Pathogenesis of bph

Answer 6

excessive androgen-dependent growth of stromal and glandular elements

Question 7

BPH does not occur in males who

Answer 7

are castrated before the onset of puberty or
in males with genetic diseases that block androgen activity

Question 8

ultimate mediator of prostatic growth

Answer 8

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 9

How is Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesised and where

Answer 9

the prostate from circulating testosterone by the action of the enzyme 5α-reductase, type 2.

Question 10

DHT binds to …. which….

Answer 10

nuclear androgen receptors

, which regulate the expression of genes that support the growth and survival of prostatic epithelium and stromal cells.

Question 11

Although … can also bind to androgen receptors and stimulate growth, DHT is … times more potent.

Answer 11

testosterone

10

Question 12

BPH virtually always occurs in

Answer 12

the inner transition zone of the prostate.

Question 13

Bph affected prostate is

Answer 13

Enlarged

Question 14

• 60 and 100 g,

Question 15

Gross morphology

Answer 15

many well circumscribed nodules that
bulge from the cut surface
solid or contain cystic spaces
• the urethra is usually compressed →narrow slit

Question 16

LM

Answer 16

the hyperplastic nodules → variable proportions of
proliferating glandular elements and fibromuscular stroma

Question 17

The hyperplastic glands are lined by

Answer 17

tall, columnar epithelial cells and
a peripheral layer of flattened basal c

Question 18

Lm The glandular lumina often contain

Answer 18

laminated proteinaceous secretory material = corpora amylacea

Question 19

What is corpora amylacea

Answer 19

laminated proteinaceous secretory material

Question 20

Pic

Answer 20

Pic

Question 21

Clinical Features of bph

Answer 21

involves the inner portions of the prostate → lower urinary tract obstruction • difficulty in starting the stream of urine =hesitancy and
intermittent interruption of the urinary stream while voiding
• These symptoms frequently are accompanied by →
urinary urgency,
frequency, and
nocturia, all indicative of bladder irritation

Question 22

The presence of residual urine in the bladder due to chronic obstruction increases the risk for

Answer 22

urinary tract infection

Question 23

If BPH leads to complete urinary obstruction

Answer 23

→painful distention of the bladder and, in the absence of appropriate treatment, hydronephrosis.