Big Idea 5

Question 1

Positive Outcomes of Computing Innovations

Answer 1

• WWW
• Targeted Advertising
• Social media
• Machine learning

Question 2

Downsides when Computing Innovations used in Unintended ways

Answer 2

• Cyberbullying
• Robbing of homes
• Discrimination

Question 3

Cloud Computing

Answer 3

offers new ways for communication and collaboration between people. storing documents to the cloud essentially stores the document in a computer server in another location. many people can work on the same document at once and documents can be accessed by different divices

Question 4

Digital Divide

Answer 4

line between the people who can use the internet and www and the people who DONT have access to the Internet and WW.

Question 5

Bias in Computing Innovations

Answer 5

unintentionally, prejudice can be shown up in computing innovation as humans write the algorithms. (AI)

Question 6

Crowdsourcing

Answer 6

allows people to share information and ask the crowd (anyone who can access the site) for feedback.

Question 7

Legal/Ethical Concerns

Answer 7

• plagiarism
• illegal downloads
• copyright concerns
• sharing of personal information such as face ID

Question 8

Creative Commons

Answer 8

provides a way for creator to share their creation for sharing and specific permissions clearly indicated by the author.

Question 9

Open Source Software

Answer 9

software that is freely shared, updated, and supported by anyone who wants to do so. concerns arise if this is used malevolently

Question 10

Open Access

Answer 10

sharing of huge amounts of public data (such as from the US gov) allows anyone to search for information.

Question 11

Search Trends and Analytics

Answer 11

using what you’ve searched, companies can predict trends

Question 12

Data Mining

Answer 12

field of study that analyzes large datasets

Question 13

Machine Learning

Answer 13

uses algorithms to analyze Dara and predict behavior (targeted ads)

Question 14

PII

Answer 14

Personally Identifiable Information. any information that identifies you.

• address
• age
• social security number
• medical/financial info
• fingerprint

Question 15

PII Effects (+ and -)

Answer 15

• saving passwords makes it easier to access them again
• predict websites based on previous visits
• ads based on shopping cart
• using location to show specific ads

Question 16

Multifactor Authentication

Answer 16

additional steps on top of password to ensure identity (knowledge, another device, biometric data (fingerprint))

Question 17

Cybersecurity

Answer 17

protects our electronic devices and networks from attacks and unauthorized use.

Question 18

Cybersecurity attacks

Answer 18

• downloading a computer virus: viruses attach themselves to an infected file and then spread to the code of your device
• phishing attacks: email/website that looks legitimate to infuse a person to click on the link and insert their private information
• downloading other malware
• key logging software: form of malware that captures every keystroke and transmits it to the attacker to help identify passwords
• accessing public network

Question 19

Solution for computer malware

Answer 19

antivirus software, firewalls, and caution

Question 20

Cryptography

Answer 20

waiting secret codes

Question 21

Encryption

Answer 21

converting a message to a coded formate

Question 22

Decryption

Answer 22

deciphering the encrypted message

Question 23

Ciphers

Answer 23

coded messages that include:

key - allows creation of secret messages
algorithm - set of steps used to make the message unreadable to anyone without a key

Question 24

Asymmetric Keys

Answer 24

two keys are needed (one to encrypt and other to decrypt)

Question 25

Public Key Encryption

Answer 25

uses open standards, meaning the algorithms used are published and available to everyone. the public key is used to encrypt data and is published to anyone. messages are then decrypted using a private key.

Question 26

One way function

Answer 26

the sender doesn’t need the private key to encrypt the messages, only the relieves needs it to decrypt them

Question 27

CAs

Answer 27

Certificate Authorities which identify trusted sites

Question 28

Symmetric Keys used for

Answer 28

Encrypting AND Decrypting Dara

Question 29

Malware

Answer 29

software that can take control/harm a computer system

Question 30

Rogue Access Point

Answer 30

data sent over public networks can be incepted, analyzed, modified