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Health > Big Reproductive Test > Flashcards

Big Reproductive Test Flashcards

1
Q

Cervix

A

Connects the uterus with the vagina, Has strong, thick walls with a very thin opening. During childbirth it can expand to allow a baby to pass.

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2
Q

Clitoris

A

Ball of nerves that everyone starts out with, for males it develops into a penis and for females is known for sexual pleasure.

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3
Q

Estrogen

A

Helps regulate the menstrual cycle.

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4
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

Takes the eggs to the uterus. Connect the ovaries to the uterus. Tiny hairs in the tube help push eggs down towards the uterus. Ideal place for an ovum to be fertilized.

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5
Q

Fimbria

A

Ends of each fallopian tube. When an egg pops out of an ovary during ovulation, the fimbria helps sweep the the egg into the fallopian tube.

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6
Q

Hymen

A

Thin piece of tissue located at the vaginal opening. Needs to be open to allow menstrual blood and normal secretions to exit the vagina.

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7
Q

Labia Minora

A

Small lip on the inside of the vagina.

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8
Q

Labia Majora

A

Big lip on the outside of the vagina.

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9
Q

Ovaries

A

Two oval-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus and contain one million eggs that females are born with. No new eggs are made during a woman’s lifetime. Produce sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

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10
Q

Ovum

A

Mature egg that is ready for fertilization.

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11
Q

Progesterone

A

Helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy. It stimulates the thickening of uterine lining for implantation.

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12
Q

Urethra

A

Where your urine comes out.

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13
Q

Uterus

A

Muscle where a fertilized egg is implanted and protected as it develops into a fetus. Has a thick lining and muscular walls called endometrium. The lining will shed if there’s no ovum implants. Able to expand and contract to accommodate a growing fetus and help push the baby out during labor. If an egg is fertilized then a baby grows here.

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14
Q

Vagina

A

A hollow muscular structure that extends from thevaginal opening to the uterus. Can expand and contract to accommodate something slim like a tampon and wide as a baby. Functions in sexual intercourse, a pathway for a baby during childbirth.

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15
Q

Vulva

A

Is a gate for the uterus and provides protection by opening and closing of the lips of the vulva.

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16
Q

Bladder

A

Where urine is stored.

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17
Q

Ejaculation

A

Occurs when muscles around the reproductive organs contract and semen is released from the body.

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18
Q

Epididymis

A

A coiled tube that stores mature sperm.

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19
Q

Erection

A

When the penis fills with blood and becomes stiff and hard.

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20
Q

Foreskin

A

The fold of the skin at the end of the penis covering the glans.

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21
Q

Penis

A

Functions in urination, sex, and reproduction.

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22
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Peach sized organ that secretes a milky fluid with sugars and enzymes to fuel sperm.

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23
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Secretes fluid that helps sperm swim to an egg.

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24
Q

Scrotum

A

Regulates the temperature of the testicles.

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25
Q

Testes

A

Singular of testicles, start to produce sperm during puberty. Produce millions of sperm cells every day through tubes called semi ferrous tubules.

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26
Q

Testicles

A

Two oval shaped organs contained within the scrotum.

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27
Q

Testosterone

A

Male sex hormone. Stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as hair growth, vocal changes, and deepening. Produced in the testes but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.

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28
Q

Urethra

A

Passageway for urine and semen. Part of urinary and reproductive systems.

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29
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Tubes that carry and push sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during an ejaculation.

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30
Q

Amenorrhea

A

The absence of the first menstrual period by age 15.

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31
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Pain associated with menstruation. More than half of women who menstruate have some pain for 1 to 2 days each month. Pain is usually mild. For some women it is extremely painful and messes with their daily lives.

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32
Q

Follicular Phase

A

Happens before the release of an egg. Prepares for the egg.

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33
Q

Luteal Phase

A

Happens after the release of the egg. Prepared for shed lining, or fertilized egg.

34
Q

Menarche

A

Technical term for the first time you menstruate.

35
Q

Menorrhagia

A

A period that is abnormally heavy or prolonged increase in blood loss can lead to anemia, or iron-deficiency.

36
Q

Menstrual Cup

A

A reusable and flexible cup inserted into the vagina to collect blood. Washable and reusable.

37
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Also known as a period which is the monthly series of changes one’s body goes through in preparation for the possible pregnancy. Most females have their first period between the ages 9-14. Cycle lasts 28 days.

38
Q

Menstruation

A

From the time vaginal bleeding starts to the time it ends. Days 1-7. Blood from the previous cycle from inside the uterus is shed through the cervix and vagina, Endometrium is at its thinnest during this phase. Estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest during this time.

39
Q

Ovulation(M)

A

Halfway through the menstrual cycle 13-15 days. The ovum leaves the ovary and enters into the fallopian tube. Ovary produces more estrogen as it grows. When estrogen levels are high enough, they send a signal to the brain. Estrogen levels drop after ovulation.

40
Q

Ovulatory Phase

A

Happens during egg release. Ovum going to the anatomy.

41
Q

Pad

A

An absorbent item worn on top of underwear to soak up blood during menstruation.

42
Q

Period Symptoms

A

Cramps, feeling bloated, hormonal acne, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, headaches, appetite changes.

43
Q

Period Underwear

A

Underwear designed with a built-in pad to absorb blood. Can be washed and reused.

44
Q

PMS aka Premenstrual Syndrome

A

Symptoms that begin 10 days before a period begins and continues into the first few days of bleeding.

45
Q

Proliferation Phase

A

Days 8-12. Means growing quickly, uterine lining is thickening, and the ovaries prepare eggs for release. Estrogen and progesterone increase.

46
Q

Puberty

A

The time at which sex hormones begin to affect their sexual development, In girls this results in breast development, body shape change, and onset of fertility.

47
Q

Symptom Relief

A

Anti-inflammatory medicine, heat to abdomen, exercise(increase in testosterone), anti-inflammatory food, abdominal massage.

48
Q

Tampon

A

A plug of soft material that is inserted into the vagina to absorb blood during menstruation.

49
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

A rare bacterial infection that can be caused by using a tampon incorrectly or for a prolonged period of time.

50
Q

Uterine Cycle

A

From ovulation until the start of the next period. Endometrium gets ready to support pregnancy or break down for menstruation. Progesterone rises. The rise causes the uterine lining to stop thickening and prepare for a fertilized egg. If there is no fertilized egg implanted, cramping helps start the period. Blood vessels shrink and the uterine lining breaks down.

51
Q

How many eggs are a female born with?

A

Around 1 million eggs.

52
Q

How many sperm can be released in an ejaculation?

A

Up to 100 million.

53
Q

What can harm the production of sperm.

A

The temperature within the testes, sperm needs to stay a regulated temperature in order to produce at the right rate.

54
Q

Where does fertilization happen?

A

The fertilization of an ovum most frequently takes place in the fallopian tube.

55
Q

Abstinence

A

Abstinence is the action of not participating in sexual activities. Abstinence is up to the person they can set restrictive or less restrictive boundaries based on their preference. Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing STI‘s and pregnancy.

56
Q

Bacterial Infection

A

If untreated can cause damage to a person’s fertility and overall health. Once diagnosed bacterial infections can be treated and cured with antibiotics.

57
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacteria that lives in the throat, urethra, cervix, and rectum Symptoms: Painful urination, unusual discharge, painful sexual intercourse, spotting or bleeding, testicular pain. 70-90% of women don’t show symptoms, 50% of men show no symptoms. Transmission: Sexual intercourse, area contact, can be passed to a newborn. Notify all sexual partners if you have it. Cure: Antibiotics.

58
Q

Consequences of getting an STI

A

Infertility, transmission of STI to baby, transmission to others, cancer, death
High risk factors- Unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, history of STI’s, injecting drugs, alcohol and drug abuse.

59
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Transmission-Bacterial infection transmitted by intercourse, anal or oral sex
Symptoms-Discharge, burning during urination, unusual sores, rashes.

60
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

Oral Herpes: A viral infection that affects the mouth and face causing cold sores. Can be spread without signs/symptoms. Spreads through contact with saliva.
Genital Herpes- A viral infection that causes sores on the skin that comes in contact with the genitals of an infected person. Spreads through intercourse or area contact. Treatment-Can be prescribed topical or oral medications. No cure.

61
Q

HPV

A

Human Papillomavirus:
Transmission-Highly contagious virus, transmitted from skin to skin contact during intercourse, oral and anal sex. Symptoms-Genital warts which can appear weeks, months or years after an infection. High risk forms don’t cause symptoms until it progresses to cervical cancer.
Treatment- No cure, but can be treated using laser therapy. Biopsy and topical medication.

62
Q

Parasites

A

Tiny organisms passed to another person through intimate contact. Medication is available for treatment and cure.

63
Q

Transmission of STI‘s by skin contact.

A

Can be transmitted without intercourse. Can be transmitted through sharing towels, clothing, or other fabrics. Herpes, HPV, and Syphilis are popular examples.

64
Q

STI

A

A sexually transmitted infection transmitted through sexual contact caused by pathogens.

65
Q

STI transmission

A

Vaginal, oral, anal sex, bodily fluid, skin contact, area contact.

66
Q

Common symptoms of STI‘s

A

Asymptomatic, burning with urination, bleeding/spotting during sex, unusual discharge, lower abdominal pain.

67
Q

Syphilis

A

Transmission-Bacterial infection transmitted by sexual intercourse, anal or oral sex.
Symptoms-Progresses through 4 stages ranging from: sores, rashes, fatigue, fever, hair loss and headaches.
Cure-Antibiotics for both sexual partners.
Prognosis-Syphilis can lead to blindness, damage to the brain heart and CNS

68
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Transmission-Infection caused by a parasite.
Symptoms-Not always symptomatic, may include itching or discharge in genitals.
Cure-Oral antibiotics.

69
Q

Viral Infections

A

These live in the person for the rest of their lives and the symptoms can be managed and treatments may be available.

70
Q

Condom

A

A barrier method of contraception that is 85% percent effective and that protects against STI’s. Condoms can be worn on an erect penis or a toy to prevent the exchange of fluids during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Condoms that are made of latex or polyurethane protect against STIs and pregnancy. Condoms should never be reused or doubled up. It requires no prescription to get condoms

71
Q

Internal condom

A

A barrier method of contraception that is 79% effective and can protect against STIs. Internal condoms can be worn during vaginal or anal sex. Internal condoms can be inserted vaginally up to eight hours before sex. If this condom is used for anal sex, then the internal ring needs to come out of the condom before insertion. Internal condoms are made of polyurethane so they can protect against STIs and pregnancy. Internal condoms are only single use.

72
Q

Dental Dam

A

A barrier method of contraception that can protect against STI’s. Dental dams are thin pieces of latex that are not intended for preventing pregnancy, but so help prevent STI and HIV transmission. Dental dams are easy to use, and can be placed over a vulva or anus before touching or oral sex, and they can be used with latex-safe lubricants. Dental dams cannot be reused or flipped over ever.

73
Q

Spermicide

A

A barrier method of contraception that is 71% effective and cannot protect against STI’s. Spermicide prevents sperm from reaching an egg. It can be used by itself or in combination with other birth control methods. Spermicides come in different forms like jellies, lubricant, film, foam, etc. Spermicide is used in the vagina before and after sex. While spermicide prevents sperm from reaching an egg, it does not prevent STI or HIV transmission.

74
Q

Diaphragm

A

A barrier method of contraception that is 88% percent effective and cannot protect against STI’s. Diaphragms are worn inside the vagina and cover the cervix during sec. They should be used in conjunction with spermicide(put on the side of the diaphragm facing the cervix). A diaphragm can be inserted several hours before sex, and must remain inserted at least 6 hours after sex. Diaphragms need to be fitted by a medical provider which means an Rx is required but they are reusable.

75
Q

Copper IUD

A

A barrier method of contraception that is over 99% effective but cannot protect against STI’s. Copper IUD’s are inserted in the uterus but a medical provider, and work with the body’s chemistry to prevent pregnancy. Copper IUDs have no hormones in them, unlike other IUDs- and they last for up to 10 years. A medical provider must also remove a copper IUD. Some people experience heavier period, cramping, or irregular periods. You need an Rx to get this.

76
Q

Hormonal IUD

A

A hormonal method of contraception that is over 99% effective but cannot protect against STIs. Hormonal IUDs are inserted in the uterus by a medical provider and release a continuous dose of progestin to prevent pregnancy. Hormonal IUDs can last anywhere from 3-7 years, and must also be removed by a medical provider. They might cause irregular periods, cramping, or other side effects. You need an Rx to get this.

77
Q

Birth Control Pill

A

A hormonal method of contraception that is 94% effective but cannot protect against STIs. There re lots of different kinds of contraceptive pills, but they all must be taken orally every 24 hours. The pill can be either a combination of progestin and estrogen or just progestin. Usually, pills come in packs of 28 for 28 days. The last 7 pills are placebo pills that allow for menstruation. The pill can have some side effects, but can also have non-contraceptive benefits like reducing premenstrual cramps and acne. You need an Rx to get this.

78
Q

Birth Control Patch

A

A hormonal method of contraception that is 91% percent effective but cannot protect against STIs. The transdermal patch is worn on the skin, where it transmits hormones that prevent pregnancy. The patch can only be worn on the belly, upper arm, shoulder, butt, or back. A new patch goes on once every week for 3 weeks, and then after a week’s break the cycle starts all over again. The patch is really sticky, it’ll stay on in the shower or swimming. The patch can have some side effects and non-contraceptive benefits. You need an Rx to get this.

79
Q

Birth Control Ring

A

A hormonal method of contraception that is 91% effective but cannot protect against STIs. The ring is a small, flexible birth control method worn inside the vagina and releases hormones to prevent pregnancy. The ring is worn for 3 weeks(no need to remove it), and after 1 week of not wearing the ring, a new ring is inserted. The ring can be washed off with room temperature water if it comes out accidentally. The ring can have some side effects and non-contraceptive benefits. You need an Rx to get this.

80
Q

Birth Control Shot

A

A hormonal method of birth control that is 94% effective but cannot protect against STIs. The shot is administered by a medical provider every 3 months. The shot contains progestin to prevent pregnancy. Irregular periods are common in the first few months, and may stop altogether after one year. There could be some side effects with the shot, and it can also have some non-contraceptive benefits. You need an Rx to get this.

81
Q

Birth Control Implant

A

A hormonal method of contraception that is over 99% effective but cannot protect against STIs. The implant is a small, flexible rod inserted by a medical provider into the upper inner arm, where it releases a steady dose of progestin to prevent pregnancy. The implant can last up to 5 years, and might stop a person’s period after a year. Irregular periods and spotting are common in the first few months. You need an Rx to get this.

82
Q

Emergency Contraception(EC)

A

A hormonal method of contraception that varies in effectiveness and cannot protect against STIs. EC works as a higher dose of hormones that prevent fertilization from occurring after intercourse. EC is most effective if it is used as soon as possible after unprotected sex, up to 3 days for over-the-counter EC and up to 5 days for prescription-only Ella. Over-the-counter EC isn;t as effective for people who weigh over 165 pounds. EC is safe, but it is not intended as a primary method of contraception.

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