Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Big to small: cells, kingdoms, biological molecules > Flashcards

Big to small: cells, kingdoms, biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

circulatory system

A

transports waste around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

respiratory system

A

takes oxygen into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down and absorbs food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nervous system

A

detects the environment, controls the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reproductive system

A

produces new individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

skeletal system

A

allows movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

excretory system

A

removes waste from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which organelles are only found in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activity of the cell (by making proteins)

Contains the chromosomes-strands of DNA which carry the genes(each gene codes for a protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cell membrane

A

Boundary between the cytoplasm and the cell’s surroundings. Controls what substances enter and leave the cell (selectively permeable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like liquid where chemical reactions occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitochondria

A

Carries out some reactions of aerobic respiration, producing ATP (energy carrier molecule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesise (assemble) proteins from amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Absorb light energy and use it to carry out the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, making biological molecules for plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose(a carbohydrate) in plants. Helps to keep plant cells in a fixed shape (and so keeps the plant upright)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vacuole

A

Filled with a watery liquid called cell sap; stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

main sugar humans need for energy

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

word equation for respiration (aerobic)

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

balanced symbol equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

word equation of anaerobic respiration in mammals

A

glucose –> lactic acid (+2ATPs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

word equation of anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cells

A

are the smallest functional unit of life and contain a number of organelles, structures that carry out specific processes the cells needs to survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tissues

A

are groups of similar cells, which work together to carry out the same function (job). An example in humans is muscle tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

organs

A

are made up of several different tissues working together to carry out a more complex function. In humans, muscle is one of the tissues making up the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

organ systems

A

are made up of several different organs working together to carry out a complex function essential to life (e.g. circulating blood around the body).

26
Q

specialised cells

A

cells which have the structures and proteins needed to carry out a specific job in the organism. e.g red blood cells, sperm cells, palisade leaf cells.

27
Q

what are carbohydrates made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

28
Q

what are the smallest units of carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars e.g. glucose and fructose

29
Q

What is starch used for?

A

To store glucose in plants

30
Q

What is glycogen used for?

A

To store glucose in animals and fungi

31
Q

Why are starch and glycogen better storage molecules?

A

They are less soluble than simple sugars and so have less effect on water movement in and out of cells.

32
Q

What are fats (lipids) made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule

33
Q

Functions of fats:

A

energy storage, thermal insulation, buoyancy

34
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

amino acids joined together

35
Q

Functions in the body of proteins:

A

structural molecules
controlling chemical reactions
combatting disease - antibodies

36
Q

Benedict’s solution - test for reducing sugars (glucose)

A
  1. Add Benedict’s solution to a sample of food (in solution)
  2. Place in a water bath at 80°C for 5 minutes.
  3. If a reducing sugar is present the colour will change from blue to brick
    red. If it is green, yellow, or orange it is still a positive result but will have
    a lower concentration of the sugar.
37
Q

Iodine - test for starch

A
  1. Add a few drops of orange iodine solution to the sample on a spotting
    tile.
  2. A blue-black colour indicates the presence of starch.
38
Q

Biuret - test for protein

A
  1. Add 2cm3 water to a food sample and shake (If not already liquid)
  2. Add an equal volume of dilute potassium hydroxide and shake.
  3. Add two drops of 1% copper sulfate solution.
  4. If protein is present then a pale purple colour will develop.
39
Q

Emulsion - test for lipids

A
  1. The food sample is placed in a test tube
  2. Add a small volume of absolute ethanol and shake to dissolve any lipid in
    the alcohol.
  3. Add an equal volume of water.
  4. A cloudy white colour (caused by an emulsion forming) indicates the
    presence of lipid.
40
Q

Enzymes are biological catalysts. What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a chemical which increases the rate of a reaction without being used up itself in the reaction

41
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a short section of DNA within a chromosome - it codes for a specific protein (which gives us characteristics)

42
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is a straight (linear) strand of DNA. Most cells contain pairs of chromosomes - two strands with the same genes

43
Q

What is the genome?

A

The genome is the total DNA of an organism - coding for all its characteristics

44
Q

DNA is the chemical which contains..

A

the information for making proteins - it contains the instructions for all the structures and reactions needed in the cells of an organism.

45
Q

DNA is a double stranded molecule made of…

A

two chains of nucleotides. The strands coil to form a double helix.

46
Q

What is a nucleotide formed of?

A

A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.

47
Q 
The four bases are:
Adenine
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

48
Q

Thymine always pairs with..

A

Adenine

49
Q

Cytosine always pairs with..

A

Guanine

50
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protoctista, bacteria

51
Q

Which of the five kingdoms are eukaryotic?

A

plants
animals
fungi
protoctista

52
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus.

53
Q

Which kingdom does not have a nucleus or mitochondria?

A

Bacteria

54
Q

Which kingdoms have chloroplasts?

A

Plant cells

Protoctists (some)

55
Q

Are the kingdoms multi or single cellular?

A 
animals- multi
plants- multi
fungi- both
protoctista- both
bacteria- single
56
Q

examples of bacteria

A

thiobacillus novellis

listeria moncytogens

57
Q

examples of protoctista

A

chlorella
amoeba - feed on other living organisms
plasmodium - causes malaria

58
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Singe-celled organisms that don’t have a proper nucleus.

instead the genetic material is in the cytoplasm

59
Q

What is a virus?

A

viruses are a strand of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. they are not cells and are not alive.

60
Q

What do virus cells have to do to reproduce?

A

They have to enter a host cell

They take over the ribosomes and enzymes in the cell to make new virus particles

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions