Bio 20: Section 1.1

Question 1

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6 H2O + 6 CO2 —-> 6 O2 + C6H12O6

Question 2

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 2

6 O2 + C6H12O6 —-> 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy (ATP)

Question 3

using sunlight as an energy source to make food

Answer 3

photosynthesis

Question 4

organisms that use sunlight/chemicals to produce food & energy for themselves

Answer 4

producers

Question 5

what is another name for producers?

Answer 5

autotrophs

Question 6

organisms that need to obtain energy through eating other organisms

Answer 6

consumers

Question 7

what is another name for consumers?

Answer 7

heterotrophs

Question 8

describes the amount of reflected radiant energy (light)

Answer 8

albedo

Question 9

what % value of albedo do light-coloured reflective surfaces and thick cloud cover have?

Answer 9

80-90% (high albedo)

Question 10

what % value of albedo do dark-coloured surfaces such as forest canopies have?

Answer 10

25% or less (low albedo)

Question 11

what % value of albedo do man-made surfaces have?

Answer 11

2-12% (lowest albedo)

Question 12

______% of radiant energy from the Sun is absorbed by gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Answer 12

19%

Question 13

_____% of radiant energy that reaches Earth’s surface and is absorbed

Answer 13

51%

Question 14

_____% of radiant energy that is reflected from clouds, dust particles in the atmosphere, and water and land at Earth’s surface

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

______% of radiant energy is captured by producers on land and in the ocean

Answer 15

1% to 2%

Question 16

But what % is the incoming radiant energy from the Sun?

Answer 16

100%

Question 17

what is the runaway effect?

Answer 17

increase in temp —> decrease in ice cover —> decrease in reflection —> increase in temp —> decrease in ice cover…

Question 18

the deep _________________ vent community

Answer 18

hydrothermal

Question 19

using chemicals (break down the chemical bonds in hydrogen sulfide) to produce food

Answer 19

chemosynthesis

Question 20

where is the source of hydrogen sulfide coming from?

Answer 20

is emitted from the deep sea vent

Question 21

what is the equation for chemosynthesis?

Answer 21

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 3 H2S —> C6H12O6 + 3 H2SO4

Question 22

what do primary consumers eat?

Answer 22

producers

Question 23

what are examples of primary consumers?

Answer 23

giant tubeworms,
hydrothermal vent clams,
shrimp
crabs

Question 24

what kind of consumers are herbivores?

Answer 24

primary consumers

Question 25

why are herbivores primary consumers?

Answer 25

because they consume plants, which are producers

Question 26

what are secondary conumers?

Answer 26

consumers that eat primary

Question 27

what are tertiary consumers?

Answer 27

consumers that eat secondary

Question 28

why are decomposers heterotrophic organisms, and not producers?

Answer 28

b/c they don’t make their own energy

Question 29

what is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Answer 29

energy is neither created, nor destroyed, only transferred

Question 30

what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Answer 30

no energy transformation is 100% efficient; energy is lost in other forms

Question 31

what other forms can energy be lost in?

Answer 31

sound, light, heat

Question 32

what 3 things are the biosphere composed of?

Answer 32

atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

Question 33

matter cycles, energy _______

Answer 33

flows

Question 34

as chemical energy is transformed from producers all the way to decomposers, all that energy dissipates as ________

Answer 34

heat