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Bio Flashcards

0
Q

Scientific Method?

A

Observe, ask questions, infer, form hypothesis, conduct experiment, collect/analyze data, conclude

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1
Q

Characteristics of life?

A

Made of cells, use energy, grow, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, respond to stimuli, change over time

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2
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

Atom

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3
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive +

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4
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

Neutral, no charge ( )

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5
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative -

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6
Q

Where are protons and neutrons found?

A

In the nucleus

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7
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

Outside of the nucleus

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8
Q

What does a bond do?

A

Holds together atoms in a compound

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9
Q

What type of bond transfers electrons from one atom to another?

A

Ionic

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10
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of two electrons between two atoms?

A

Covalent

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11
Q

What is a substance with a ph of below 7?

A

Acid

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12
Q

What is a substance with a ph above 7?

A

Base

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13
Q

What ions does an acid have?

A

H+

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14
Q

What ions does a base have?

A

-OH

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15
Q

What are the properties of water?

A
  1. Liquid
  2. Neutral
  3. Polar
  4. Between negative and positive
  5. High temp required to raise temp
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16
Q

What is attraction between the same substance?

A

Cohesion

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17
Q

What is attraction between different substances?

A

Adhesion

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18
Q

What are two elements physically combined called?

A

Mixture

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19
Q

What is a mixture with evenly distributed components?

A

Solution

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20
Q

What is the dissolved material in a solution?

A

Solute

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21
Q

What is the material doing the dissolving in a solution called?

A

Solvent

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22
Q

What allows water to dissolve things?

A

It’s polarity

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23
Q

What is a carb made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)

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24
Q

What is a lipid made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen

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25
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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26
Q

What is Nucleic acid made of?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

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27
Q

What molecule : monomer = monosaccharides

Polymer = polysaccharides

A

Carb

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28
Q

What molecule: categories are fats, oils , and waxes

A

Lipids

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29
Q

What molecule: monomer = amino acids

Polymer = polypeptide

A

Protein

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30
Q

What molecule : monomer = nucleotides

Polymer = molecule

A

Nucleic acid

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31
Q

Use sunlight or energy to make food

A

Autotrophs

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32
Q

Are heterotrophs and eat other living things

A

Consumers

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33
Q

Eat plants and producers

A

Herbivore

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34
Q

Eat meat

A

Carnivore

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35
Q

Eat plants and animals

A

Omnivore

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36
Q

Consume dead bodies

A

Scavenger

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37
Q

Break down organic material

A

Decomposers

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38
Q

Eat dead/ decaying plants and animals

A

Detritivore

39
Q

Shows transfer of energy

A

Food web

40
Q

A level in the food chain

A

Trophic level

41
Q

1st level of the food chain

A

Primary producers

42
Q

Shows matter per level

A

Ecological pyramid

43
Q

Pyramid that shows energy available at each level

A

Pyramid of energy

44
Q

The amount of energy transferred from level to level

A

10%

45
Q

Pyramid that shows living tissue per level

A

Pyramid of biomass

46
Q

Pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each level

A

Pyramid of numbers

47
Q

Warms the earth, can’t go back to space, makes earth 30 degrees warmer

A

Green house effect

48
Q

Range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives ( how it feeds, survives, eats)

A

Niche

49
Q

Ability to survive under conditions

A

Tolerance

50
Q

Where an organism lives

A

Habitat

51
Q

A relationship where two species live closely

A

Symbiotic relationship

52
Q

Relationship : both benefit

A

Mutualism

53
Q

Relationship: one harmed, one benefits

A

Parasitism

54
Q

Relationship: one unaffected, other benefits

A

Commensalism

55
Q

Max number of individuals and environment can support

A

Carrying capacity

56
Q

Individuals moving in from somewhere ( growth )

A

Immigration

57
Q

Individuals moving out ( decrease )

A

Emigration

58
Q

Exponential growth, larger and faster

A

J curve

59
Q

Slow, stops following exponential

A

S curve

60
Q

No nuclei, small, simple, have a cell membrane ( include bacteria )

A

Prokaryotes

61
Q

Nuclei, large, complex, special jobs, uni and multi cellular

A

Eukaryotes

62
Q

Have cell wall and chloroplasts

A

Plant cell

63
Q

Don’t have cell wall or chloroplast

A

Animal cell

64
Q

Regulates molecules that enter and leave cell

A

Cell membrane

65
Q

Changes chemical energy into compounds for cell use, has DNA

A

Mitochondria

66
Q

Stores hereditary info, surround by nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

67
Q

Help make proteins ( found in e.r and cytoplasm)

A

Ribosomes

68
Q

Modifies sorts, packages macromolecules

A

Golgi body

69
Q

Break down sugars, lipid, proteins into small molecules

A

Lysosomes

70
Q

A group of similar cells working together to do a job

A

Tissue

71
Q

A group of tissues working together to do a job

A

Organ

72
Q

A group of organs working together to do a job

A

Organ system

73
Q

Passive transport : moving from high to low

A

Diffusion

74
Q

Passive: move from high to low with protein channels

A

Facilitated diffusion

75
Q

Passive: water moving across membrane from high to low

A

Osmosis

76
Q

High concentration, low water (shrinking)

A

Hypertonic

77
Q

Low concentration, high water ( burst )

A

Hypotonic

78
Q

Same amount of concentration and water, steady

A

Isotonic

79
Q

Low to high movement of particles

A

Active transport

80
Q

Active: material moving in

A

Endocytosis

81
Q

Active : material moving out

A

Exocytosis

82
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water ➡️ glucose + oxygen

83
Q

Energy, powers active transport, doesn’t store well

A

ATP

84
Q

Have a bilayer, thylakoids, granum, stroma, help photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

85
Q

Located in the inner membrane of chloroplasts

A

Thylakoids

86
Q

One piece of a thylakoid

A

Granum

87
Q

Space surround granum

A

Stroma

88
Q

Absorbs or reflects light

A

Absorption spectrum

89
Q

Cell respiration equation

A

Oxygen + glucose ➡️ carbon dioxide + water + energy

90
Q

Requires oxygen, occurs in mitochondria (krebs, e.t)

A

Aerobic

91
Q

No oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, glycolysis, fermentation

A

Anaerobic

92
Q

Makes wine, beer, fizz, bake

Pyruvic acid > ethyl, co2 and NAD +

A

Alcoholic fermentation

93
Q

Makes cheese, yogurt, etc

Pyruvic > lactic acid and NAD +

A

Lactic acid fermentation

94
Q

Breaks down glucose, make two ATP, FIRST STAGE OF CELL R., anaerobic

A

Glycolysis

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