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dance termonology > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

1
Q

ms green

A

moves , sensitive(to the environment -sweats when hot ), Grows(in development and in size), Reproduces (sexual and asexual), Exchanges gases (breathing O2 out with CO2), Excretes wastes, Nutritional input

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2
Q

cell wall

A

support and protection

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

flexible barrier regulates molecules in and out of cell

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4
Q

nucleus

A

holds the dna

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

where energy is produced from glucose from cellular respiration

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6
Q

chloroplast

A

site of photosynesis to convert light energy onto glucose

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7
Q

ribosome

A

site of protein synesis

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8
Q

cytosol

A

jelly fluid where many cell reactions happen

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

transports material within the cell

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10
Q

golgi body

A

packages material for storage and secretion

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11
Q

vacuole

A

storage area for water,starch and oils -large in plant

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12
Q

lysosome

A

packets of enzymes that are released to kill old/malfunctioning cells

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13
Q

centriole

A

structures involved in cell division

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14
Q

what are the cell structures

A

cell membrane ,cell wall,nucleus,mitochondria,chloroplast,ribosome,cytosol,endoplasmic reticulum,golgi body,vacuole,lysosome,centriole

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15
Q

prokaryotic

A

do not contain a nucleus eg bacteria

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16
Q

Eukaryotic

A

contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane eg animals

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17
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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18
Q

what does a nucleotide contain

A

base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

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19
Q

4 nitrogen bases

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cystine

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20
Q

base paining

A

A-T G-C

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21
Q

What are the backbones and sides made of

A

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups

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22
Q

genes vs chromosomes vs dna

A
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23
Q

homologous pairs

A

same length, structure called a centromere that joins the chromatids together and is in the same position, same position of the same gene

24
Q

diploid

A

humans have 46 chromosomes in every somatic cell these are diploid

25
Q

haploid

A

there are 23 chromosome in each gamete cell these are haploid

26
Q

fertilisation

A

fusion of egg and sperm cell

27
Q

zygote

A

diploid cell that forms after fertilisation

28
Q

embryo

A

developing stage of the multicellular organism

29
Q

blastocyst

A

cluster of dividing cells

30
Q

fotes

A

baby developing in the uterus

31
Q

DNA replication

A
  1. dna unzips and unwinds with help of enzymes
    2.free nucleotides in the nucleus join to bases on the dna molecule that now habe no partner using the complementary base pairing
    3.this continues down the molecule until whole thing had been replicated
    4.now you have 2 identical dna molecules
32
Q

why is it necessary

A

when the cells divides the two daughter cells contain same genetic info

33
Q

where does mitosis occur

A

in somatic cells for growth and repair

33
Q

how many chromosomes in daughter cells in mitosis

A

46 chromosomes in daughter

34
Q

where does meiosis occur

A

in germ cells- formation of new gametes

35
Q

how many chromosomes in daughter cells in meiosis

A

4 haploid cells with 23 chromosomes

35
Q

allele

A

different forms of the same gene/variation

36
Q

gene

A

a segment of dna on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

37
Q

genotype

A

the combination of alleles that an individual has Aa,AA,aa

38
Q

phenotype

A

the physical trait that is displayed

39
Q

homozygous

A

two identical alleles for a gene AA,aa

40
Q

heterozygous

A

two different alleles for a gene Aa

41
Q

complete dominance

A

two pure breeding parents of different phenotypes eg brown eyed X blue eyed
= brown eyed child

42
Q

incomplete dominance

A

where neither allele is dominant eg redXwhite = pink -RW

43
Q

co dominance

A

both alleles are equally dominant eg spotty

44
Q

sex linkage

A

any gene for a trait that is found on the sex chromosome is a sex-linked trait - boys are more likely to be affected

45
Q

species

A

organisms that can succsefully interbreed to provide viable and fertile offsprings

46
Q

artificial selection

A

the process by which humans interfere to breed a particular organism with desirable features

46
Q

natural selection

A

acts on phenotypes of individuals so that some can survive and reproduce while others dont. through this other trait are inherited and alleles are passed on.

47
Q

specification steps

A
  1. The original population is separated and is kept isolated for a long time
  2. natural selection occurs when each group has different selection pressures, acting on them and different mutations are formed
  3. overtime mutations build up, so different genes are formed until individuals from each group are now unable to breed- therefore different species
48
Q

fossils

A

preserved evedence in a rock/soil. of a organism that once lived

49
Q

what are they?

A

rare, preserved remains , traces of organisms, evedence from past life ,

50
Q

steps of fossilisation

A
  1. organisms need to be rapidly buried
  2. low oxygen environment
    3.remains buried and undisturbed for a long time
  3. body parts need to be made of hard substances
51
Q

homologous structures

A

structures with common evolutionary origin and similar underlying anatomy but have evolved different functions.

52
Q

comparative - genetic and biochemistry

A

organisms that are more closely related will show more dna in common.
can help determine how related they are.

53
Q

comparative embryology

A

study if the development, structure, and function of embryos
comparison of vertebrate embryos can give a time line

54
Q

comparative anatomy

A

science of comparing the physical structures of one species

dance termonology (5 decks)

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