Bio chemistry Flashcards
Carbohydrates a.k.a. sugars and starches
Function – provides our bodies with quick energy; all cells use glucose for cellular respiration
Atoms- Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

What are the three types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides – single Sugar (ring)
Disaccharide – two sugars link together. For example sucrose, lactose, and Maltos
Polysaccharide Dash long chain of simple sugars (Polymer)
Polysaccharide examples
Glycogen – stored in liver and muscle cells. (How humans store carbs)
Cellulose/fiber – found in plant cell walls; humans cannot digest this
Starch – produced by green plants and stored for energy
Lipids a.k.a. fats oils and waxes
Helps protect organs, insulate body, is long term stored energy, makes up so membrane AKA phospholipid bilayer , hormones and steroids.
Fat structure
Monomer – fatty acids plus glycerol
Atoms- Made of c, h, o but has less o then other carbs
Types of fat
Saturated fat – fatty acids hold maximum number of hydrogen, solid fats at room temperature
Unsaturated fat – contains at least one carbon – carbon double bond; healthier fats and liquid at room temperature
Proteins
Provide structure, muscle contraction, transport, protection/immunity, or hormones , and enzymes
Proteins structure
Monomer – amino acids
Polymer – polypeptide or protein
Atoms – made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfurs
Protein enzymes
Catalyst – something that speeds up a chemical reaction
Substrate – the substance or a reactant that the enzyme binds with
Denaturation – the shape of the protein is changed in one can no longer Bind to the substrate; reaction can’t happen or happens to slow cause by environmental conditions
Dehydration synthesis
Removal of water to link monomers together
Hydrolysis
Adding water to break a Palmer Park
