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Bio exam Flashcards

1
Q

Independent variable

A

a variable that is not affected by any other variables

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1
Q

Scientific method

A

a series of steps we use to investigate something

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2
Q

Dependent variable

A

a variable that depends on another variable

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3
Q

Control variable

A

something that plays a role in the experiment

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4
Q

Control group

A

the part of an experiment that does not get the independent variable

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5
Q

Metric System

A

a system used for measuring distance, volume, length, and temperature

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6
Q

Metric prefixes

A

unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit

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7
Q

Kilo

A

1,000

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8
Q

Hecto

A

100

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9
Q

Deca

A

10

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10
Q

Deci

A

0.1

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11
Q

Centi

A

0.01

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12
Q

Milli

A

0.001

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13
Q

Gram

A

mass

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14
Q

Liter

A

volume

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15
Q

meter

A

distance

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16
Q

Second

A

time

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17
Q

Biology

A

the study of living organisms

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18
Q

Homeostasis

A

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

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20
Q

Proton

A

a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

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21
Q

Neutron

A

a subatomic particle with a neutral charge that helps make up an atom

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22
Q

Electron

A

subatomic particle with a negative charge

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23
Q

Atom/Element

A

basic building block of chemistry. a substance that cannot be broken down anymore.

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24
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms

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25
Q

cell

A

the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes.

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26
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

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27
Q

organ

A

a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit

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28
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs

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29
Q

Organism/Individual

A

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

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30
Q

population

A

the whole number of people or inhabitants in an area

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31
Q

community

A

a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society

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32
Q

Ecosystem

A

a community or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific

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33
Q

environment

A

the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded

34
Q

Biome

A

an area classified according to the species that live in that location.

35
Q

Biosphere

A

the part of the earth where living things exist

36
Q

Carbon

A
37
Q

Covalent Bond

A

between nonmetals and sharing through electrons strongest bonds

38
Q

Water

A

a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states.

39
Q

Adhesion

A

the attraction between the molecules of two different substances

40
Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction between the molecules or atoms of the same substance

41
Q

Capillary Action

A

when liquid flows through narrow spaces without external forces, such as gravity

42
Q

Surface Tension

A

The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules

43
Q

Polar Molecule

A

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative

44
Q

Organic Compound

A

any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more

45
Q

Ionic Bond

A

non metals and metals through the transfer of electrons

46
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

between molecules of wter

47
Q

pH

A

measure of how acidic/basic water is

48
Q

Acid

A

a chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts

49
Q

Base

A

a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions

50
Q

CHNOPS

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

51
Q

Monomer

A

a simple molecule with two or more binding sites through which it forms covalent linkages with other monomer molecules to form the macromolecule

52
Q

Polymer

A

any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers

53
Q

Isomer

A

molecules with the same chemical formula but have different structures

54
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose

55
Q

Disaccharide

A

A disaccharide is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage

56
Q

Sucrose

A

the chemical name for sugar

57
Q

Polysaccharide

A

a carbohydrate (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

58
Q

Starch

A

a natural polymer, or polysaccharide,

59
Q

what is water

A

is it the universal solvent and poler

60
Q

Glycogen

A

​​the stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules

61
Q

Amino Acid

A

an organic chemical

62
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

combination of two functional groups attached to a single carbon atom, namely, hydroxyl (single-bonded OH) and carbonyl (double bonded O) groups.

63
Q

R Group

A

way of representing a class of organic compounds

64
Q

Monopeptide

A

alanine, and glycine

65
Q

Enzyme

A

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

66
Q

Phospholipid

A

Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head” containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic “tails” derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue.

67
Q

Nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

68
Q

DNA

A
69
Q

Cell Theory

A

a general statement in biology that all living things consist of cells each of which has come from a previously existing cell

70
Q

Eukaryotic

A

any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus

71
Q

Prokaryotic

A

of, relating to, or being a typically unicellular organism (as of the domains Bacteria and Archaea) lacking a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

72
Q

Cell Membrane

A

separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

73
Q

Cell Wall

A

the non-living component, covering the outmost layer of a cell

74
Q

RER(rough endoplasmic reticulum)

A

a cellular organelle composed of many folds of tissues and channels

75
Q

SER(smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

A

tube-like structure located near the cell periphery

76
Q

Ribosome

A

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

77
Q

Central Vacuole

A

large, membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that act as a storage space for water and other molecules in the cell

78
Q

Lysosome

A

a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

79
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Cilia are short, hair-like cell organelle extending from the surface of a living cell. Flagella are long, threadlike cell organelle present on the surface of a living cell

80
Q

Polar head

A

The polar section of a phospholipid is the part with the phosphate group.

81
Q

Non-polar tail

A

hydrophobic and are positioned facing the inside, away from the water.

82
Q

Channel protein

A

a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

spanish (8 decks)

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