Bio Genetics 1 (DNA)

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Define DNA

Answer 2

set of coded instructions that produce all proteins -> determines physicals characteristics

Question 3

What is the structure like of DNA

Answer 3

composed of two strands of nucleotides linked together like a ladder

Question 4

Define Nucleotides + its structure

Answer 4

Nucleotides are small molecules that make up DNA

Base (inner) Linked together by hydrogen bonds
Sugar (middle)
Phosphate (outer)

-> phosphate group and sugar group alternating
-> base is attached to sugar

Question 5

What do nucleotides consist of?

Answer 5

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, one of the 4 nitrogenous bases

Question 6

What are the 4 bases

Answer 6

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 7

Define complementary bases

Answer 7

Adenine -> Thymine
Guanine -> Cytosine

Question 8

Define genes

Answer 8

segments of DNA that code for a protein

Question 9

How are genes unique?

Answer 9

The sequence of DNA (unique code)
The number of bases (length of sequence)

Question 10

Define chromosomes

Answer 10

packages of DNA that wrap around proteins called histones

Question 11

Where is DNA located?

Answer 11

in the cell nucleus

Question 12

What is karyotyping?

Answer 12

organizing + pairing chromosomes

Question 13

How are chromosomes matched?

Answer 13

band and sizing

Question 14

How many chromosomes PAIRS are in a human?

Answer 14

23 chromosomes

Question 15

Define autosomes

Answer 15

pairs 1 - 22

Question 16

Define Sex chromosomes

Answer 16

pair 23
XX = female chromosome
XY = male chromosome

y = shorter

Question 17

Define homologous chromosomes

Answer 17

Chromosomes with matching banding patterns -> have the same gene in the same location