Bio Midterm

Question 1

Thethree major divisionsof the brain and its greek roots

Answer 1

Rhombencephalon(hindbrain)
Mesencephalon(midbrain)
Prosencephalon(forebrain)

Question 2

Posterior partof the brain are

Answer 2

medulla
pons
cerebellum

Question 3

regarded as anenlarged extensionof thespinal cord

Answer 3

Medulla or Medulla Oblongata

Question 4

originating in the medulla controlvital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing.

Answer 4

Cranial nerve

Question 5

whichsuppress activity, are abundant in the medulla

Answer 5

opiate receptors

Question 6

liesanterior and ventralto the medulla. Itcontains nucleifor several cranial nerves.

Answer 6

Pons

Question 7

each half of the braincross to the opposite side of the spinal cord

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

large hindbrain structurewithmany deep folds.

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

middle of the brain,although inadult mammalsit isdwarfed and surrounded by the forebrain.

Itismore prominentinreptiles, amphibians, and fish.

Answer 9

Midbrain

Question 10

Theroof of the midbrain

Answer 10

Tectum

Question 11

forhearing

Answer 11

inferior colliculus

Question 12

forvision

Answer 12

superior colliculus

Question 13

It liesunder the tectum, theintermediate level of the midbrain.

Answer 13

Tegmentum

Question 14

Themost prominentpart of the mammalian brain consists oftwo cerebral hemispheres, one on theleft and one on the right.

Answer 14

THE FOREBRAIN

Question 15

includes the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 15

The Limbic System

Question 16

is essential for control of eating, drinking, temperature control, and reproductive behaviors.

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

is part of the circuit that is most central for evaluating emotional information, especially with regards to fear.

Answer 17

Amygdala

Question 18

is a pair of structures(left and right) in the center of the forebrain

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

is an endocrine(hormone-producing)gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus.

Answer 19

Pituitary Gland

Question 20

a group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus, include three major structures: the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus.

Answer 20

Basal Ganglia

Question 21

One of the structures on the ventral surface of the forebrain, the nucleus basalis, receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex.

Answer 21

Basal forebrain

Question 22

The most prominent part of the mammalian brain

Answer 22

Cerebral cortex

Question 23

at the posterior(caudal) end of the cortex, is the main target for visual information.

Answer 23

Occipital Lobe

Question 24

lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus, a deep groove in the surface of the cortex.

Answer 24

The Parietal Lobe

Question 25

is the lateral portion of each hemisphere,near the temples.

It is the primary cortical target for auditory information.

Answer 25

Temporal Lobe

Question 26

They put almost anything in they find into their mouths and attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches(which intact monkeys consistently avoid).

Answer 26

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Question 27

containing the primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex, extends from the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain.

Answer 27

Frontal lobe

Question 28

two muscles usually move together, such as the muscles controlling your little finger and your ring finger; then the brain areas that control one of them largely overlap those that control the other one.

Answer 28

Precentral Gyrus

Question 29

Among the common consequences of prefrontal lobotomy were apathy, a loss of ability to plan and take initiative, memory disorders, distractibility, and a loss of emotional expressions.

Answer 29

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Question 30

You see an object when it emits or reflects light that stimulates receptors that transmits information to your brain.

Answer 30

General Principles of Perception

Question 31

The vertebrate retina contains two types of receptors

Answer 31

Rods and cones

Question 32

abundant in the periphery of the human retina, responds to faint light but are not useful in daylight because bright light bleaches them.

Answer 32

Rods

Question 33

abundant in and near the fovea, are less active in dim light, more useful in bright light, and essential for color vision

Answer 33

Cones

Question 34

is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and to judge the distance of objects.

Answer 34

Depth perception