Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Honors Bio > Bio New Chapter > Flashcards

Bio New Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

What is an operator?

A

A sequence of bases that switches mRNA synthesis “on” or “off.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an inducer?

A

Inactivates a repressor in order to turn “on” a gene or operon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an operon?

A

The site where a repressor protein attaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When lactose is present, is the repressor on or off?

A

Off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When lactose is present, does transcription happen?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When lactose is absent, does transcription happen?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In what type of organism are operons found?

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the lac operon of E. coli, lactose functions as …

A

an inducer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which types of methylation/acetylation prevent transcription?

A

Histone methylation, DNA methylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which types of methylation/acetylation facilitate transcription?

A

Histone acetylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a promoter?

A

The binding site for RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are lac utilization genes?

A

Genes that code for lactose digestion enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are regulatory genes?

A

Genes that produce repressor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If lactose is present, where does it bind?

A

Lactose bind to the allosteric inhibitor, located in the repressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is histone acetylation?

A

The attachment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the gene expression levels?

A

Pre-transcriptional, Transcription, Post-transcription, translation, and post-translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is X chromosome inactivation most common?

A

Tortoise shelled female cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are enhancers?

A

DNA sequences that increase the rate of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase by binding transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the tatabox?

A

It defines the direction of transcription and also indicates the DNA strand to be read

20
Q

What are silencers?

A

DNA sequences that decrease rate of transcription

21
Q

What is alternative RNA splicing?

A

When introns are removed from the mRNA sequence before leaving the nucleus

22
Q

What is micro-RNA (miRNA)?

A

A short RNA molecule that stops translation by binding to mRNA

23
Q

Where does micro-RNA occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

24
Q

What is ubiquitin?

A

A protein that flags and destroys the micro RNA sequence since it has no use

25
Q

What are zymogens?

A

Proteins made in an inactive form

26
Q

What is pepsinogen?

A

Inactive form of pepsin

27
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

The inactive from of fibrin

28
Q

What is fibrinogen useful for?

A

Blood clogging

29
Q

What are hox genes?

A

Series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo

30
Q

What are totipotent cells?

A

Cells that have that have the ability to become any type of cells

31
Q

What are pluripotent cells?

A

Cells that can give rise to any embryonic cell type that make up the body

32
Q

What are differentiated cells?

A

Cells that are specialized

33
Q

List and describe the 5 steps of cloning.

A
  1. Taking the nucleus out of a somatic cell
  2. Taking the nucleus out of an egg cell
  3. Implanting the somatic nucleus into the e-nucleated egg
  4. The somatic nucleus becomes de-differential
  5. The egg cell develops in the surrogate mother
34
Q

What is genomic imprinting?

A

The process by which only one copy of a gene in an individual (either from their mother or their father) is expressed, while the other copy is suppressed

35
Q

What is 1?

A

Cornea

36
Q

What is 2?

A

Iris

37
Q

What is 3?

A

Lens

38
Q

What is 4?

A

Sclera

39
Q

What is 6?

A

Choroid

40
Q

What is 8?

A

Optic disc

41
Q

What is 9?

A

Optic nerve

42
Q

What is 10?

A

Vitreous humor

43
Q

What is 11?

A

Ciliary muscle

44
Q

What is 13?

A

Aqueous humor

45
Q

What is 14?

A

Pupil

46
Q

What is 5?

A

Retina

Honors Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions