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Semester 1 Finals > Bio-Phys > Flashcards

Bio-Phys Flashcards

0
Q

What is data? How can you collect? Is only numbers?

A

Data is the information collected from an experiment and by observations. No it is not only numbers.

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1
Q

What are the goals of science?

A

To understand the world around us.

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2
Q

What are the steps of a scientific investigation?

A

Problem, hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion.

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis? How do you know if your hypothesis is right?

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess. It’s an if then statement. You test it.

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4
Q

Is an experiment without a control group valid?

A

No.

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5
Q

Why do you have to have a control group AND experimental group?

A

So you can compare and see the change.

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6
Q

What is the difference between independent (manipulated) and independent (responding) variable?

A

The independent variable (IV) is the factor you change. The dependent variable (DV) is the factor that changes in response to the change you make it to the independent variable.

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7
Q

When would it be totally inappropriate to run an experiment?

A

When you’re biased.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis and the theory?

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess, a theory is proved with facts.

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9
Q

Why do researchers to experiment over and over?

A

To make sure it’s valid and isn’t flawed.

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10
Q

Why do we use the metric system in science?

A

Because it’s the international standard and is based off of tens.

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11
Q

What are the most commonly use metric units for temperature, time, distance, mass and volume?

A

Celsius, hours, M/KM/CM/, cm 3/g.

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12
Q

What is matter?

A

What the visible universe is made of.

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13
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object.

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14
Q

Does your mass change if you go to the moon?

A

No.

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15
Q

Does your weight change if you go to the moon?

A

Yes.

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16
Q

What units are used to measure mass? Weight?

A

Grams

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17
Q

What is volume? What units are used to measure volume?

A

The amount of space and object occupies. ML, L, cm3

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18
Q

What is density? What units are used to measure density?

A

The mass per unit volume of an object. g/cm3, g/ml

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19
Q

What is the definition of speed?

A

Tells us the rate in which object moves.

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20
Q

How to speed relate to motion?

A

How fast a motion is occurring.

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21
Q

What is a frame of reference?

A

It’s how you are relating yourself to motion.

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22
Q

How do you know if lesson has occurred?

A

There’s a change in a frame of reference.

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23
Q

How do you calculate and average speed?

A

S=D/T speed=distance/time

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24
Q

What is the main difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed tells us the rate in which an object moves and velocity tells us the speed and direction of a moving object.

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25
Q

5m/sec is velocity it speed?

A

Velocity

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26
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate speed or direction changes.

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27
Q

What is the formula used to calculate acceleration?

A

V2-V1/T

Final velocity-initial velocity/time

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28
Q

Why is acceleration constantly occurring when you twirl an object on a string?

A

The the momentum and velocity keep the string moving. Gravity pulls the object down but momentum and the objects velocity keep it moving.

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29
Q

Compare distance and displacement; make sure to include similarities as well as differences.

A

Distance is the total length of your trip, displacement is the measurement of where you started from where you ended. Both are measured in the same unit.

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30
Q

What is fiction?

A

A force that opposes motion. It acts parallel to the surface in contact.

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31
Q

What are the three types of friction?

A

Sliding, rolling, and fluid friction.

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32
Q

What are the differences between static and kinetic friction? What type of friction do they all fall under?

A

Static friction is not moving, kinetic is. They’re both sliding.

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33
Q

In general is it easier to overcome, sliding or fluid friction?

A

Fluid friction.

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34
Q

Does fluid friction only involved liquids?

A

Also gases.

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35
Q

What you factors affect sliding friction?

A

The force applied and the surface area.

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36
Q

Newton’s first law motion?

A

Law of inertia: objects at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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37
Q

Newtons second law of motion?

A

Force equals mass times acceleration. Acceleration equals force divided by mass.

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38
Q

Newtons third law of motion?

A

Every action has an opposite and equal reaction.

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39
Q

What is force?

A

Any influence that causes an object to go under a certain change.

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40
Q

What is the equation for force?

A

Force equals mass times acceleration.

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41
Q

What units do we use to measure force?

A

Force=kilogram–meter/second/second or and NEWTON

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42
Q

What is gravity?

A

Gravity attracts objects with mass inwards towards each other.

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43
Q

Where do we find gravity?

A

Everywhere.

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44
Q

If an object is falling due to the acceleration of gravity only, then it is said to be in…

A

Free fall

45
Q

What does the universal law of gravitation?

A

Everything exerts a gravitational force. To perceive or see the force you need a large mass object.

46
Q

Why do we feel the force of gravity more strongly earth then on the moon?

A

Because the earth is a larger mass and therefore has stronger gravitational pull.

47
Q

What is the rate of acceleration due to gravity on earth?

A

9.8m/s2

48
Q

What is air resistance?

A

An upward force exerted on an object as it falls by air.

49
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The final constant speed of a falling object.

50
Q

If an object is falling in the sky, will air resistance increase or decrease as the objects velocity increases (i.e as it falls faster and faster)?

A

Increase.

51
Q

What are the three subatomic particles in the atom?

A

Neutrons, protons and electrons

52
Q

What is the mass, charge, and location of each of the subatomic particles?

A

Neutrons: neutral, the nucleus, 1amu. Protons: positive, nucleus, 1 AMU. Electrons: negative, outershell, .0006 amu

53
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, identifies the element.

54
Q

If the atomic number varies, do you still the same atom?

A

No.

55
Q

What are isotopes?

A

And atom where the atomic elements and number of protons never change but the neutrons do change

56
Q

How can you tell if an atom is an isotope or not?

A

By the mass number and number of protons and neutrons.

57
Q

What is mass number?

A

Some of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

58
Q

How do you use mass number to determine if an atom is an isotope

A

If the mass number is odd it’s an isotope. Not an even amount of protons and neutrons.

59
Q

What’s an atomic mass? How does it differ from the mass number

A

Atomic mass is the average number of all the isotopes. Mass number is protons plus neutrons

60
Q

How do energy levels and electrons relate to one another

A

Electrons exist in different energy levels

61
Q

What are the four forces in an atom

A

Electromagnetic force, strong force, gravity, weak force.

62
Q

How do the four forces differ from each other?

A

And strength and their jobs.

63
Q

Which is the strongest force?

A

electromagnetic and strong force.

64
Q

Which forces the weakest?

A

Gravity.

65
Q

Which one is involved in keeping the protons together in the nucleus?

A

Strong force.

66
Q

Which one it keeps the electrons circling the atom.

A

Electromagnetic force

67
Q

Which one can be radiation?

A

Weak force

68
Q

Discuss the role that Mendeleev and Mosley played in the development of the periodic table

A

Mendeleev made the first periodic table and Mosley redesigned it

69
Q

What characteristics of elements were used to design the original table and the version we used today?

A

At first atomic weights then the redesigned used atomic number

70
Q

Why didn’t Mendeleeve redo the periodic table to reflect the new information about the elements

A

He didn’t know anything about protons and atomic number

71
Q

What does the term periodic mean

A

Divided into periods

72
Q

Why are hydrogen helium put in such strange places in the periodic table relative to all the other elements

A

They have different properties and different number valence electrons. Helium behaves and acts as a noble gas

73
Q

How many families are in the periodic table.

A

18

74
Q

How many periods are there in the periodic table? The elements in a period of characteristics in common

A

7 periods, no

75
Q

The elements of the same family have characteristics in common?

A

Yes.

76
Q

What are the properties of a metal

A

Shiny, maluable, ductile, very conductive, high density, high melting point, tend to give away electrons, have 1-4 electrons in outer shell

77
Q

What are the properties of nonmetals

A

Not shiny, not malleable, not ductile, bad conductors, low density, low melting points, gaining electrons in chemical reaction, have 5–8 and outermost shell.

78
Q

What are the properties of a metalloid?

A

Solid, shiny/dull, so – so conductors, ductile, malleable, number of valence electrons varies

79
Q

How can you tell mental from nonmetal based on its location on the periodic table?

A

The elements to the left of the stairstep lines are metals and the elements to the right are nonmetals

80
Q

Why do elements in the same family have similar properties?

A

They have the same number of valence electrons.

81
Q

how many valence electrons in each family?

A

1-8

82
Q

Reactivity

A

Elements on the right are very reactive, elements are left are not so reactive

83
Q

Why are the noble gases so un reactive

A

They have a fat valence electrons and are gases

84
Q

What is the biggest difference between actinide and lanthanide series

A

The actinide series is very reactive and is used for energy. The lanthanide series has high conductivity and is used for alloys

85
Q

Why the two series pulled out of the rest of the periodic table

A

Because they wouldn’t fit on paper otherwise

86
Q

How does valence number change as you go left or right across the periodic table

A

It increases

87
Q

How does reactivity change as you left to right across the periodic table

A

It gets less reactive

88
Q

How does atomic size change as you go left to right across the table

A

It gets smaller

89
Q

How does the amount of metallic properties changes as you go left to right across the periodic table

A

It decreases

90
Q

What controls the bonding of atoms

A

Valence electrons

91
Q

Electrons m in the outermost shell energy level of an atom are called…

A

Valence electrons

92
Q

How many valence electrons to atoms “want” to have

A

Eight

93
Q

Ironic bonding involves the______ of electrons

A

Transfer

94
Q

An ionic bonding one atom____ electrons and the other_____electrons

A

Gives & takes

95
Q

And atom that is no longer neutral because it’s number of valence electrons has been changes is called an_____

A

Ion

96
Q

And atom has a valence number of 7 how many more electrons does it need to get a full outershell

A

1

97
Q

If an atom has a valence number of 4, how many more elections does it need to get to a full outer shell

A

4

98
Q

If atom has a valence number of 2 how many electrons does it have to give up

A

2

99
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

A process in which the physical and chemical properties of the original substance change into new substances with different physical and chemical properties

100
Q

What are the parts of a chemical reaction

A

Products and reactants

101
Q

What determines of a chemical reaction occurs

A

Occurrence of a new substance

102
Q

What is a chemical equation

A

Symbols to show what elements are reacting, uses arrows

103
Q

How does a chemical equation differ from chemical formula

A

A chemical formula tells you what’s in a substance and an equation shows the change in substance

104
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass? How does it apply to reactions?

A

Mass remains constant in a chemical reaction.

105
Q

What are the five types of reactions

A

Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion.

106
Q

What must happen for reaction to even occur in the first place

A

We need some type of energy

107
Q

Do reactions ever involve energy

A

Yes.

108
Q

What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions

A

Exothermic gives off heat, and a thermic receives heat

109
Q

How do you know in the lab if an endothermic reaction is occurring

A

Heat is given off.

Semester 1 Finals (2 decks)

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