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bio plant unit Flashcards

1
Q

Non-vascular plants

A

-do not contain vascular tissue
-no leaf, stem, or roots
-do not produce seeds
-require moist environments
-small
ex. moss

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2
Q

Vascular Plants

A

-plants containing vascular tissue
-larger with leaves, stems, and roots
-divided into two main groups: produces seeds and seedless
ex. trees, ferns

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3
Q

Seedless Plants

A

-reproduces using spores
ex. ferns

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4
Q

Seeded Plants

A

-produces seeds
-divided into main groups: angiosperms and gymnosperms
ex. strawberry

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5
Q

Gymnosperms

A

-non-flowering plants
-seeds found on surface of cones
ex. pines

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6
Q

Angiosperms

A

-flowering plants
-largest and most diverse group
-divided into 2 groups: monocots and dicots
ex. roses, apples

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7
Q

Monocot

A

-1 embryonic seed leaf
-veins in leaves are parallel
-vascular bundles scattered in the stem
-flowering parts in multiples of 3
ex. grass

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8
Q

Dicots

A

-2 seed leafs
-veins in leaves are net-like
-vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
-flowering parts in multiples of 4s or 5s
ex. roses, sunflowers

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9
Q

Leaves

A

-Site of photosynthesis
-VERY diverse in Shape, appearance, size,
number

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10
Q

Meristematic tissue

A

-where new cells are produced
-undifferentiated cells (cells that can turn into different types of cells when needed)
-divides via mitosis leading to the formation of other tissues

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11
Q

Dermal tissue

A

-outermost layer of plant cell
-acts as a protective shield
-Includes epidermal cells (outer covering)
-Some dermal cells are specialized guard cells and root hairs

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12
Q

Ground tissue

A

-fills space between dermal and vascular tissues
-Inside of the plant
-Many different functions (support, stores, etc.)

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13
Q

Vascular tissue

A

-internal system of tubes connecting
roots to leaves
-2 types

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14
Q

Xylem

A

transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

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15
Q

Phloem

A

transports nutrients to areas for use or storage

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16
Q

Organs root system

A

-take in water and dissolved minerals
-anchors it in the soil
-store carbohydrates, water, and nutrients
-role in plant stability and survival

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17
Q

Organs* Shoot System

A

-above-ground parts like stems, leaves
-Support
-Soft (herbaceous) or hard (woody)
-helps plants grow, produce energy, and reproduce

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18
Q

Stem Function

A
  1. support
  2. conduct fluid
  3. Store Nutrients
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19
Q

Stem Structure

A
  1. Epidermis
    -protection
  2. Ground Tissue
  3. Vascular Tissue
    -scattered in monocots
    -ringed in dicots
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20
Q

Herbaceous Stems

A

-Soft, green, flexible
-provide support for plant as it grows
-Die at the end of each growing season
-Can be monocot or dicots

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21
Q

Woody Stems

A

-Hard
-are dicots

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22
Q

Modified Stems:

A

-adapted their stems to survive different conditions
-they can be adapted for nutrient storage
-they can be adapted for reproduction

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23
Q

Leaf Tissues

A

-Vascular (conduction)
-Dermal (protective layer)
-Ground (variety of functions)
-Meristematic (growth)

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24
Q

Leaf Function

A

photosynthesize
-Some leaves do not perform photosynthesis
Ex. Onions

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25
Q

Leaf Structure (Epidermis & Cuticle)

A

-produces a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
-The cuticle and epidermis are
transparent to let sunlight pass through

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26
Q

Leaf Structure (palisade
mesophyll)

A

-found below the upper epidermis
-this is where most photosynthesis happens

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27
Q

Leaf Structure (spongy mesophyll)

A

-found below the palisade mesophyll
-it has open spaces for oxygen, carbon
dioxide and water vapour to move
around

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28
Q

Leaf Structure (Stomata)

A

-small pores that allow for gas exchange in and out of the leaf

29
Q

Leaf Structure (Guard cells)

A

-surround the stomata and are able to open and close the pore
-During the day, the guard cells photosynthesize and produce glucose
-This causes water to flow into the guard cells they swell and open the stoma
-At night, the cells perform cellular respiration in the mitochondria
-Glucose is used up, swelling is reduced, and the guard cells close the stoma

30
Q

Coniferous Trees

A

Leaves are needles and are adapted to:
-Retain water
-Snowy conditions (snow falls off easily)
-Freezing temperatures (protected vein)
-Save energy (drop leaves every 2-4 years)

31
Q

Deciduous Trees

A

-Leaves are dropped every fall and the trees go dormant in the winter.
-In preparation for going dormant, the leaves stop photosynthesizing and the chlorophyll breaks down.
-This allows us to see other pigments that are usually masked by the chlorophyll.
-most are broadleaf trees.

32
Q

Annuals

A

complete life cycle in 1 year

33
Q

Biennials

A

2 year life cycle

34
Q

Perennials

A

multiple years for life cycle

35
Q

Rhizomes

A

horizontal, underground stems that store food and allow plants to spread
ex. grass

36
Q

runner

A

horizontal stems above the ground that enable plants to reproduce and form new roots
ex. strawberries

37
Q

Bulbs

A

short, underground stem that stores nutrients
ex. onions

38
Q

Tubers

A

large, underground stems for storing nutrients
ex. potatoes

39
Q

Factors that affect plant growth: Hormones

A

-Hormones act as signals between different parts of the plant
-Some stimulate growth, others inhibit it.

40
Q

Stimulating hormones

A

-Auxins (leaves/seeds)
-Cytokinins (roots)
-Gibberellins (seeds, young
shoots)

41
Q

Inhibiting hormones

A

-Ethylene (fruit ripening)
-Abscisic acid (dormancy)

42
Q

Factors that affect plant growth: Photosynthesis

A

-Plants get their glucose from photosynthesis
-The availability of any reactant can affect the growth of a plant

43
Q

Factors that affect plant growth: Environment

A

A tropism is a growth response to an external stimulus

44
Q

Factors that affect plant growth: Nutrients

A

-Nutrients are available in
the soil and water
-Macronutrients are needed in
large amounts (N,P,K)
-Micronutrients are needed is
smaller amounts (Fe,Cl,Mn)

45
Q

Factors that affect plant growth: Soil Ph

A

-Soil pH can range from slightly acidic to slightly basic
-Most plants grow well in a very narrow pH range

46
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6Co2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6+ 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + light energy = glucose + oxygen

47
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

how cells use oxygen and food to make energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

48
Q

Anatomy of leaves

A

Veins for transportation
Stoma for breathing

49
Q

Reproduction of plants: sexually

A

Make seeds for new plants through pollination. pollen from male parts reaches female parts leading to seed formation. flowers play a key role in this.

50
Q

Reproduction of plants: asexually

A

reproduces with no seeds by methods like runners bulbs etc.

51
Q

Artificial reproduction

A

when humans help them reproduce using methods like technologies

52
Q

Uses of plants

A

-food
-oxygen
-medicine
-clothing
-shelter
-fuel
-purification

53
Q

Root Functions

A
  1. absorbing water and minerals
  2. anchoring and supporting the plant
  3. storing food
54
Q

Root tip

A

-dividing cells
-organized into regions

55
Q

Root cap

A

protects the growing tip of the root, helping it push through soil
function:
1. protect growing tissue
2. creates slimy substance that reduces friction

56
Q

Root hair

A

tiny structures that absorb water and nutrients from the soil

57
Q

Taproot

A

–grows vertically down
-absorbs plants’ water and minerals
-food and water storage
ex. carrot

58
Q

Fibrous root

A

-grows down
-branches sideways
-anchors plants
-absorbs water and minerals
ex. grass

59
Q

Modified root

A

-changes in shape
-gets modified to absorb and transport water
-food and water storage
ex. beets

60
Q

Sepal

A

-protects flower bud

61
Q

Petal

A

attract pollinators

62
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive organ

63
Q

Filament

A

supports anther

64
Q

Anther

A

produces and stores pollen
contains sperm cell

65
Q

Pistil

A

female reproductive part

66
Q

Stigma

A

captures pollen

67
Q

Style

A

connects the stigma to the ovary
ovary produces eggs

68
Q

Perfect flower

A

has both male and female organs

69
Q

imperfect flower

A

only have one organ

Tests (5 decks)

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