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From Flashcardlet > Bio Test > Flashcards

Bio Test Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that are in the same species and live in the same area

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2
Q

Species

A

Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Communities

A

Assemblages of different populations that all live together in the same defined area.

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

A collection of all the organisms that live on a particular place together with their no living or physical environment

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5
Q

Biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominate communities

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

The highest level of organization that ecologists study

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7
Q

What percent of the sun’s energy is used by living things

A

Less than 1%

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8
Q

What uses sunlight energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce carbs?

A

Autotrophs

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9
Q

What is the process of using sunlight, carbon and water to make carbs.

A

Photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is a biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

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11
Q

What are three types of autotrophs that do photosynthesis

A

Algae, plants, cyrobacteria

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12
Q

What performs chemosynthesis which uses chemical energy to produce carbs

A

Sulfur bacteria

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13
Q

How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem

A

10%

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14
Q

The _____ and ____ pyramids do not have to necessarily be shaped like a pyramid

A

Energy and biomass

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15
Q

____ is lost as it flows through an ecosystem while ______ is transformed, recycled and reused

A

Energy ; matter

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16
Q

what four elements make up 95% of most organisms

A

Phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, and water

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17
Q

what is a niche

A

an organism’s position in the ecosystem

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18
Q

what is an omnivore

A

an organism that obtains energy by eating plants and animals

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19
Q

what is a biotic factor

A

living things that can affect an organism in their environment.

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20
Q

a symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship

A

mutualism

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21
Q

organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms

A

heterotrophs

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22
Q

the rate at which organic matter is created by producers

A

primary productivity

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23
Q

what 2 things are decomposes that obtain energy by breaking down nutrients

A

fungi and bacteria

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24
Q

what does fungi and bacteria break down

A

nutrients

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25
Q

what are nutrients

A

all chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life

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26
Q

what rule states that no 2 organisms can occupy the same niche in the same place at the same time

A

the competition exclusion princible

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27
Q

a relationship in which one organism benefits while harming the other.

A

parasitism

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28
Q

secondary succession

A

when a new ecosystem after a natural even such a a fire, or human event like farming

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29
Q

a ___ is an organism the hunts, kills, and consumer the other organism.

A

predator

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30
Q

what obtains energy by eating animals

A

carnivore

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31
Q

what is a habitat

A

the area that an organism lives in

32
Q

a ___ any relationship in which 2 organisms live closely with one another

A

simbiosis

33
Q

tolerance

A

the ablity of an organism to survive and reproduce under conditions that differ from their optimal condidtions

34
Q

carrying copasity

A

the largest number of organisms that a given environment can support

35
Q

what limits a population when the population density of an organism reaches a certain level

A

density dependent limiting factors

36
Q

any relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

A

commentalism

37
Q

the ocean floor is the ___

A

benthic zone

38
Q

the area of the ocean where sunlight can penetrate the water

A

photic zone

39
Q

how deep is the photic zone

A

200 meters

40
Q

a type of tree that sheds its leafs

A

deciduous

41
Q

the material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter

A

humus

42
Q

examples of flowing water ecosystems

A

rivers and streams

43
Q

what affects all populations in an ecosystem in similar ways regardless of population size

A

density independent limiting factors

44
Q

what two main areas do not fit into the biomes

A

mountain ranges and polar ice caps

45
Q

what abiotic factors affect aquatic ecosystems

A

flow, temperature, depth, and chemistry of over laying waters

46
Q

what pyramid represents the amount of living organic matter at each tropic level

A

biomass

47
Q

____ growth occurs when the indivduals in a population reproduce at a constant rate and in a presence of unlimited resources and the absence of disease and predation

A

exponential growth

48
Q

emigration

A

when an organism moves out of an area

49
Q

immigration

A

the movement of an organism into an area

50
Q

coniferous trees

A

trees that produce seed bearing cones and have leaves that look like needles

51
Q

3 characteristics to define a population

A

density, growth rate, and geographic distribution

52
Q

3 factors that affect population size

A

amount of births, deaths, and number of organisms that move in and out of the area

53
Q

density-dependent vs. density-independent limiting factors

A

ddlf are limiting factors that depend on a populations size while dilf are limiting factors that affect populations regardless of their size

54
Q

examples of density dependent limiting factors

A

disease, predation, competition, and parasitism

55
Q

examples of density independent limiting factors

A

unusual weather, natural disaster, human disturbance, and seasonal cycles

56
Q

how do biotic and abiotic factors affect the ecosystem

A

it can affect its niche

57
Q

exponential growth vs. logistic growth

A

exponential is at a constant rate while logistic slows or stops

58
Q

what factor is absent in the aphotic zone

A

sunlight

59
Q

primary vs. secondary succession

A

nothing existed before primary.there was something there already in secondary succession.

60
Q

how is an organisms niche detemand

A

the type of food it eats, place in the food chain, what is role is how it reproduces, and where it is

61
Q

what are the 2 types of freshwater ecosystems

A

flowing and standing

62
Q

what are some methods used to study ecology

A

observing, experimenting, and modeling

63
Q

who coined the term ecology

A

Ernst Haeckel

64
Q

where does the energy for life processes come from

A

sunlight

65
Q

2 main forms of energy that power living systems

A

sunlight and chemical energy

66
Q

autotroph vs. heterotroph

A

auto makes its own food while hereotrophs rely on other organisms for food.

67
Q

photosynthesis vs. chemosynthesis

A

photo uses sunlight chemo uses chemical reactions

68
Q

producer vs. consumer

A

producers make their own food and consumers dont

69
Q

detritivore vs. decomposer

A

detritivores eat animal remains and other dead matter while decomposers break down organic matter

70
Q

how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? why is this ineffeicient

A

10%; the organisms on top must eat more than the organisms on the bottom and have more competition for food

71
Q

explain how matter moves through the biotic components of an ecosystem

A

it travels from the soil to the plants to the animals to the decomposers/detritavores back to the soil.

72
Q

components of the water cycle

A

precipitation, evaporation, condensation, transpiration

73
Q

components of the carbon cycle

A

feeding, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition

74
Q

components of the phosphorous cycle

A

makes dna and rna and is found in organic matter

75
Q

components of the nitrogen cycle

A

dentrification and nitrogen fixation

76
Q

how is productivity measured in an ecosystem

A

amount of producers

77
Q

bio-accumulation vs. biomagnification

A

bioaccumulation is when organic chemicals enter the food chain. bio-magnification is when the toxins build up throughout the food chain

From Flashcardlet (23 decks)

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