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Boards - Biochem > biochem - mono di and polysaccharides > Flashcards

biochem - mono di and polysaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monosaccharide in general?

A

simple sugar, can’t be reduced or hydrolysed into simpler sugar

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2
Q

What is the bodies major source of energy?

A

monosacharides

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3
Q

what is the most abundant and importaint carb in body?

A

glucose, an aldose

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4
Q

what does body use glucose for?

A

synthesize other carbs, major fuel source

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5
Q

What keeps blood glucose within narrow range?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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6
Q

How does Fructose differ from other monosaccharides?

A

It?s a Ketose

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7
Q

what type of ring does fructos form

A

furanose ring

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8
Q

What type of ring does and alldose form?

A

pyranose rings

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9
Q

what is done with fructose in the body?

A

its converted to glucose

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10
Q

What happens to galactose in the body?

A

converted to glucose

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11
Q

Where is mannose found?

A

constituents of glycoproteins and plant gums

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12
Q

What is a diasaccharide in general?

A

two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage

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13
Q

what type of bond is a glycosidic linkage?

A

covalent

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14
Q

where does glycosidic linkage occur, what carbons?

A

between anomeric carbon and a different carbon on other molecule

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15
Q

in glucose, what type of carbon is the anomeric carbon?

A

aldehyde carbon

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16
Q

What are the common monosacharides

A

glucose, galactose and fructose, mannose they start with letters at beginning of ABC’ s except mannose

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17
Q

what are the 3 most common monosacharides

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

18
Q

Sucrose is made of what?

A

glucose/fructose

19
Q

Why is sucrose not free to open up and change form.

A

both the anomeric carbons are used in the glycosidic bond.

20
Q

what does sucrose not have a betta or alpha ring form

A

because both anomeric carbons are used in the bond of glucose and fructose

21
Q

what is the name for milk sugar?

A

lactose

22
Q

what makes up lactose?

A

glucose and galactose

23
Q

What gives lactose alpha and beta ring structures?

A

The glycosidic linkage doesn’t bind up the anomeric carbone of glucose, so it can open.

24
Q

what is maltose?

A

two glucose sugars linked, only one using the anomeric carbon

25
Q

what type of linkage in maltose

A

Alpha 1,4 link, having both alpha and beta ring forms

26
Q

Isomaltose

A

two glucose sugars linked by alpah 1,6 linkage , this makes It different from maltose

27
Q

what is a polysacharide

A

long linear or branched chains of monosacharides?more than 6

28
Q

what are polysaccharides used for?

A

to store monosacharides for later use as energy and structural support

29
Q

Amylose is what

A

startch that is non branching, with alpha 1,4 linkages found in many plants

30
Q

What is the shape formed by amylose

A

spiraling helical shape, found I lots of plant

31
Q

amylopectin is what

A

polysacharide with alpha 1,4 linkages and branch points at alpha 1,6 linkge

32
Q

how many glucose residues in amylopectin?

A

about 30

33
Q

What is glycogen used for?

A

it?s the glucose storage molecule found in animals

34
Q

structure of glycogen?

A

alpha 1,4 link and alpha 1,6, but it is more highly branched than amylopectin

35
Q

what is the main storage form of carbs in humans

A

glycogen

36
Q

inulin is made of what, and where is it found?

A

made of repeading fructose molecules, its found in many roots

37
Q

what is inulin used for?

A

Gold standard to determine kidney glomerular filtration rate

38
Q

whay is inulin good to figure out glomerular filtration rate?

A

Inulin is almost completley excreted in urine with no resorbtion in renal tubules.

39
Q

what forms the basic structural framework of plants?

A

cellulose

40
Q

what type of bonds give cellulose is strength by joining the chains?

A

hydrogen bonds

41
Q

how are cellulose glucose molecules joined?

A

Beta 1,4 linkage, takes way more work to break down than Alpha 1,4 linkage

42
Q

why is cellulose used as a bulking agent?

A

lots of animals cant break down the beta 1,4 linkages.

Boards - Biochem (1 decks)

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