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PACOP > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

0
Q

The order and sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide determines what protein structure

A

Primary

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1
Q

The inhibition in a noncompetitive reaction

A

Binds simultaneously with substrate other that the active site

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2
Q

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the organism are called

A

Essential amino acids

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3
Q

Which hormone regulates the level of blood sodium

A

Aldosterone

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4
Q

Its a precursor of vitamin A

A

B-carotene

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5
Q 
Which of the ff is a precursor of vit D
Prostaglandin
Linoleic acid
Cholesterol
Aldosterone
A

Cholesterol

7-dehydrocholesterol -> cholecalciferol (vit D3)

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6
Q

Class enzymes introduces a double bond by the removal of hydrogen

A

Dehydrogenase

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7
Q

The ionic property of amino acid is exhibited by its

A

Zwitterions form

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8
Q 
All of the ff are simple proteins except
Glutelins
Globulins
Albumins
Glycoproteins
A

Glycoproteins (proteins with oligosaccharides)

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9
Q

Simplest monosaccharide

A

Glyceraldehyde

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10
Q

Denaturation of protein is a result of

A

Breaking of H bond

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11
Q

Competitive inhibition is a ______ reaction

A

Reversible

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12
Q

In the seliwanoffs test, the reaction of resorcinol and acid on the sugar forms

A

Hydroxymethyl furfural

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13
Q

High conc of neutral salts caused the ppt of proteins. This is called

A

Salting out

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14
Q

The type of enzyme inhibition reaction whereby the inhibitor competes with the substrate at the active site

A

Competitive inhibition

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15
Q 
The ff are waxes except
Beeswax
Sperm oil
Bile acids
Lanolin
A

Bile acids

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16
Q

The inactive form of enzymes are called

A

Zymogens

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17
Q

Protein portion of the holoenzyme (enzyme with the cofactor)

A

Apoenzyme

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18
Q 
Which of the ff has no alpha amino group
Proline
Hydroxyproline
Glycine
Both a and b
A

Both a and b contain imino group

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19
Q

An enzyme is a substance which

A

Act as a catalyst

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20
Q

Milk curdling enzyme present in gastric juice of infants

A

Rennin

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21
Q

Carbohydrates are

A

Polyhydroxyaldehydes/polyhydroxyketones

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22
Q

Insulin is usually classified as

A

Hormone

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23
Q

What amt of glucose is present in human blood

A

60-90mg in 100mL blood

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24
Q

It is the organelle which serves as the site of the electron transport chain

A

Mitochondria

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25
Q

The end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen is

A

Glucose

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26
Q

Iodine test is a reaction which may be used to identify carbohydrates. The reaction is due to

A

Presence of amylose portion

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27
Q

Benedicts reagent yield positive result to

A

Reducing sugars

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28
Q

Hypertonic solns will cause the cell to

A

Shrink

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29
Q

Rancidity of fats maybe due to

A

Oxidation

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30
Q

The deficiency of this hormone causes diabetes mellitus

A

Insulin

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31
Q

The active proteolytic enzyme in gastric juice

A

Pepsin

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32
Q

The site of oxidation reaction in electron transport chain is in the

A

Mitochondrion

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33
Q

Protein digestion atrts in the

A

Stomach

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34
Q

The conversion of an amino acid to sugar is

A

Gluconeogenesis

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35
Q 
Which of the ff is not an amino acid
Leucine
Choline
Valine
Glycine
A

Choline is a nitrogenous base

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36
Q

The protein part of the enzyme molecule is the

A

Apoenzyme

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37
Q

Optimum temperature for enzyme activity in the body

A

37C

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38
Q

Glucose is stored in the liver as

A

Glycogen

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39
Q

The enzyme conformation adapts to the incoming substrate in

A

Induced fit theory

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40
Q

The process of converting glucose into glycogen is called

A

Glycogenesis

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41
Q 
All are pyrimidine bases except
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
A

Guanine and adenine are purine bases

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42
Q

Glucose, amino acid and fatty acid enter the citric acid cycle by their conversion into

A

Acetyl coA

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43
Q

A hormone which stimulates glycogenesis

A

Insulin

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44
Q

Chemicals extracted from organism such as bacteria and can inhibit or destroy other microorganism

A

Antibiotic

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45
Q

The gland or tissue that regulates the blood glucose level

A

Pancreas

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46
Q

Which vitamin is formed in the body by exposure to ultraviolet irradiation or sunlight

A

D

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47
Q

Excess vit A and D is stored in the body, but excess vit B and C is readily excreted. What property shows this?

A

Vit C and B are water soluble

Vit A and D are fat soluble

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48
Q

It is the entire genetic makeup of an organism

A

Gene

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49
Q

The vitamin which is used in the prevention of degenerative changes in the CNS

A

Vit B complex

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50
Q

It is a model which best explains the enzyme-substrate action

A

Lock and key

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51
Q

The activation of pepsinogen requres

A

HCl

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52
Q

DNA is primarily found in the

A

Nucleus/Mitochondria

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53
Q

It is the enzyme which hydrolyzes starch to dextrin and maltose

A

Amylase

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54
Q

A synthetic DNA is called

A

Recombinant DNA

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55
Q

Hydrolysis of ATP is an

A

Energy producing reaction

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56
Q

Characteristic of lipid

A

Hydrophobic

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57
Q

It is a condition that results when sugar level is below normal

A

Hypoglycemia

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58
Q

An example of globular protein

A

Albumin

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59
Q

Complementary base pairs in the DNA double helix are bonded by

A

H bond

60
Q

Which nitrogen base is not found in DNA

A

Uracil
Both DNA and RNA: adenine and guanine (purine); cytosine (pyrimidine)
DNA - thymine
RNA - uracil

61
Q

An organic cofactor in an enzyme

A

Vitamins

Coenzyme

62
Q

At what stage of glucose oxidation is moat of the energy produced

A

Aerobic stage

63
Q

The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are

A

Purines

Pyrimidines

64
Q

It is responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic info

A

DNA

65
Q

Build up of urea in the blood is called

A

Uremia

66
Q

The transfer of genetic info from DNA by the formation of mRNA

A

Transcription

67
Q

What is the end product of electron transport chain

A

Water

68
Q

The energy producing reaction

A

Catabolic

69
Q

It is the molecule that directs the activity of the cells

A

DNA

70
Q

Te sugar involved in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

71
Q

Sugar involved in RNA

A

Ribose

72
Q

The common metabolic pathway

A

Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle

73
Q

Rosenheims test is used to detect the presence of

A

Choline

74
Q

Detects the presence of alpha amino acids

A

Ninhydrin

75
Q

The process of producing fats from acetyl coA is called

A

Lipogenesis

76
Q 
The ff are test reagents to detect the presence of amino acids except
Girgnards
Xanthoproteic
Millon-nasse
Sakaguchi
A

Grignards

77
Q

Amino acid test that gives a yellow color to tryptophan and tyrosine due to presence of phenyl group with which the nitric acid reacts

A

Xanthoproteic test

78
Q

Amino acid test gives a deep red color to tyrosine due to preaence of hydroxyphenyl group

A

Millon-nasse

79
Q

Amino acid test gives a reddish violet color at the zone of contact of two fluids with tryptophan

A

Hopkins-cole

80
Q

The condition that lowers the pH of the blood due to starvation is called

A

Acidosis

81
Q

Te subs responsible for the emulsion of fats is

A

Bile acids

82
Q

Hubl’s soln is used to ascertain degree of

A

Unsaturation

83
Q

IUPAC name of acrolein

A

Propenal

84
Q

The positive indication for the presence of glycerol in acrolein test

A

Silver mirror formed in the test tube

85
Q

Cerebrosides are positive in the ff tests except
Molisch
Biuret
Lassaigne’s

A

Biuret

86
Q

Osmic test is used to detect the presence of _____ in lipida

A

Prosthetic groups

87
Q

The most sensitive chemical test to detect the presence of cholesterol

A

Liebermann-Burchard

88
Q 
The ff are phospholipids except
Plasmalogen
Lecithin
Cephalin
Choline
A

Choline is a nitrogenous base

89
Q

A mixed triglyceride contains

A

Three diff fatty acids esterified with glycerol

90
Q

The central compound found in the structure of sphingolipids

A

Sphingosine

91
Q

Lipid whose specific teat is the Furter-Meyer test

A

Tocopherol

92
Q

Ppt of ____ indicates the presence of phospholipids in the lipid sample

A

Ammonium phosphomolybdate

93
Q 
The ff are glycolipids except
Globosides
Phosphatides
Gangliosides
Cerebrosides
A

Phosphatides

94
Q

Parent compound of phospholipids

A

Phosphatidic acid

95
Q

A non-pentose sugar which is also positive for tollena test

A

Cellobiose

96
Q

The reagent present in Molisch teat which is responsible for the dehydration reaction

A

Sulfuric acid

97
Q

ID test to detect the presence of glycogen

A

Iodine

98
Q

The only sugar readily forms insoluble osazone crystals

A

Mannose

99
Q

Important structural material found in the exoskeletons of many lower animals

A

Chitin

100
Q

Hydrolysis of osazones produce

A

Ozones

101
Q

General term for a group of polysaccharides present on the primary cell wall

A

Pectin

102
Q

Specific test for galactose, due to the formation of highly insol crystals

A

Mucic acid

103
Q

Type of RNA which serves as template for the amino acid sequence being synthesized

A

mRNA

104
Q

Positive indication for Anthrone test

A

Blue green color

105
Q

Differentiating teat bet helical and linear polysaccharides

A

Iodine

106
Q

The diff bet benedicts and barfoeds test reagent

A

pH of soln

107
Q

Hydrolytic product of chitin

A

Acetylglucosamine

108
Q

Glucose and fructose are

A

Geometric isomers

109
Q

Alkaline bismuth reagent is used to detect the presence of

A

Reducing sugars

110
Q

Action of dilute alkali on sugars

A

Tautomerization

111
Q

The addition a pentose sugar to a base produces

A

Nucleoside

112
Q

Nucleoside + phosphate group

A

Nucleotide

113
Q

Central dogma concept wherein the RNA molecule is used as template for the synthesis of DNA molecule

A

Transcription

114
Q 
The ff proteins are present in egg white except
Ovomucin
Ovoglobulin
Albumin
Osseomucoid
A

Osseomucoid

115
Q

Anaerobic glycosides occurs in the

A

Cytoplasm

116
Q

Osazone test is also known as

A

Kowarsky test

117
Q

Genetic defect characterized by mental retardation and cataract, since the unmetabolized sugar is toxic to the lens of the eyes

A

Galactosemia

118
Q

Pyridoxine is a compound of this enzyme

A

Decarboxylase

119
Q

In man, principal end product of protein metabolism is

A

Urea

120
Q

Condition wherein acetone accumulates in the blood

A

Ketonemia

121
Q

Glutamine is a _____ amino acid

A

Neutral

122
Q

Oxidation product of ketone bodies

A

Carbon dioxide

123
Q

Phosphoprotein found in egg yolk

A

Vitelin

124
Q

Amino acids positive for sakaguchi reaction

A

Arginine

125
Q

Histidine is negative for

A

Sodium nitroprusside

126
Q

An official simple protein obtained from corn

A

Zein

127
Q

Principle involved in the isolation of casein milk

A

Isoelectric ppt

128
Q

Process of converting liver glycogen into blood glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

129
Q

Genetic info is stored and carried in all cells by

A

Double stranded DNA

130
Q

Principal site for the synthesis of urea

A

Liver

131
Q

Pentose present in gum arabic

A

Arabinose

132
Q

What is responsible for the transfer of genetic info

A

DNA

133
Q

Only form of inorganic nitrogen which can be utilized by living cells

A

Ammonia

134
Q

The 9 essential amino acids

A 
Histidine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Arginine
Valine
135
Q

The chief end product of purine metabolism in man

A

Uric acid

136
Q

Presence of glucose in appreciable amts in the urine

A

Glycosuria or glucosuria

137
Q 
The ff are tests for kidney efficiency except
Phenylsulfophthelein test
Urea clearance test
Water output test
Crystallization test
A

Crystallization

138
Q

Growth hormone is also known as

A

Somatotropin

139
Q

Condition wherein bile pigment is present in excess in the blood

A

Jaundice

140
Q

Principal digestive constituent of the gastric juice

A

Pepsin

141
Q

Condition wherein the conc of uric acid accumulates in blood reaches as high as 15mg%

A

Gout

142
Q

The study of the composition and the chemical processes occurring in the living matter is

A

Biochemistry

143
Q

What is wobble

A

Ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third base

144
Q

The most impt function of HCl in the stomach is

A

Activation of pepsinogen

145
Q

Transamination is

A

Conversion of amino acids to keto acids

146
Q

The lipid that is converted to vit d2 upon irradiation

A

Ergosterol

147
Q

The metabolic degradation of hemoglobin takes place principally in

A

Reticuloendothilial system

148
Q

The amino acid that is important precursor of Hgb is

A

Glycine

PACOP (4 decks)

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