Biological Hazards Flashcards
Def. Biological hazards
Involves the spread of micro-organisms, plants, insects and animal pests
Def. infectious diseases
Can be caught from another person or animal, spread by a pathogen
Def. pathogen
A disease-causing organism or agent e.g. virus, bacteria
Def. communicable disease
Can be spread between people
Def. contagious
Spreads directly b/w people with ease
Non-contagious
Spreads via a vector e.g. mosquito, tick, worm
Malaria symptoms
Fever, headache, chills, muscle pain
Malaria global stats
40% world pop. at risk
2018= 228 million cases, 405000 deaths
Environmental factors which increase malaria risk
Hot, wet climate in tropical regions, low-lying wetlands, stagnant water
Human factors which increase risk of malaria
Provision of irrigation systems which lead to pools of stagnant water.
Migration of ppl from non-endemic to endemic regions which provides new hosts for the parasite
Impacts of malaria
Poverty
The economic burden on health
Reduced economic productivity
School absenteeism
Higher IMR and risk of complications during birth for pregnant women. Can also stunt growth.
Specific factors causing malaria
Temperatures b.w 18 and 40 degrees
High rainfall, abundance of aquatic environments
Relative humidity above 60%
Malaria management techniques
Insecticide- treated nets
Indoor residual spraying and spraying of breedign sites
Anti-malarial drugs during pregnancy
Drugs that prevent malaria
Drugs that treat malaria
Indonesia- global responses to malaria
Elimination plan by 2030
Roll Back Malaria program 2000, distributed 27 million ITNs
Use of geospatial technologies e.g. case-reporting app
Indonesia- local responses to malaria
SurfAId- Malaria Free Mentawai Program - establishing community clinics + educating locals. Delivered over 60000 ITNs
