Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acid

Answer 1

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 2

Which part of a triglyceride is hydrophilic and which part is hydrophobic?

Answer 2

The glycerol backbone is hydrophilic and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.

Question 3

What is the bond in monosaccarides?

Answer 3

Glycosidic bonds

Question 4

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 4

When two monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction, they form a disaccharide.

Question 5

Draw an alpha Glucose

Answer 5

Check image: https://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/Beta-D-Glucopyranose.jpg

Question 6

Give 2 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 6

Any 2 of the following:
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 7

What are Carbohydrates made of?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They are made from monosaccharides, which are simple sugars containing three to seven carbon atoms.

Question 8

Give 2 examples of polysaccharides

Answer 8

Any 2 of the following:
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin

Question 9

Draw a beta glucose

Answer 9

Check image:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg/800px-Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg.png

Question 10

How are polysaccharides formed?

Answer 10

More than two monosaccharides join together, they form a polysaccharide chain.

Question 11

What is the chemical formula of glucose

Answer 11

C6H12O6

Question 12

What could high intake of saturated fat cause?

Answer 12

Could be an increase cardiovascular disease

Question 13

How are the following disaccharides formed?
Maltose, sucrose and lactose.

Answer 13

Glucose + glucose → maltose.
Glucose + fructose → sucrose.
Glucose + galactose → lactose.

Question 14

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 14

Triglycerides are a type of lipid that are mainly used as energy storage molecules.
Formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
Ester bonds form between the glycerol and the fatty acid chains.

Question 15

What are the reactions names for forming and breaking glycosidic bonds?

Answer 15

Condensation reactions are for forming glycosidic bonds
Hydrolysis reactions are for breaking glycosidic bonds

Question 16

How do determind if a molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 16

A fatty acid is saturated if there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.