Biological Molecules, Enzymes + CORMMSS

Question 1

Enzymes definition

Answer 1

Biological catalyst
Catalyst = A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up

Question 2

Enzyme mechanism

Answer 2

Enzymes are specific to its substrate as the active site is complementary to the substrate
1. Enzymes and substrates randomly move about in solution
2. When an enzyme and its complementary subrate randomly collide, an enzyme-subtrate complex forms, and the reaction occurs
3. Product(s) form from the substrate(s) which are then released from the active site. The enzyme is unchanged and will go on to catalyse further reaction

Question 3

Temperature affecting enzymes:

Answer 3

Enzymes work fastest at their optimum temperature
Heating to high temperatures will break the bonds that hold the enzyme together and it will denature
Substrates cannot fit into denatured enzymes as the shape of the active site has been lost - this is irreversible

Question 4

pH affecting enzymes

Answer 4

If the pH is too high or low, the H+ and OH- ions disrupt the bonds of the enzyme
Moving too far from the optimum pH will cause the enzyme to denature

Question 5

CORMMSS

Answer 5

Change
Organism
Repeat
Measurement 1
Measurement 2
Same

Question 6

Elements in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Answer 6

Carbohydrate: C, O, H
Protein: C, O, H, N, some contain small amounts of sulfur
Lipid: C, O, H

Question 7

Lipid structure:

Answer 7

3 fatty acid chains bonded to one glycerol molecule