Biology

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

takes up space and has matter (gas, liquid, solid)

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Cannot be broken down by chemical reaction

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest unit of an element, contains subatomic particles

Question 4

Mass Number

Answer 4

Total number protons and neutrons

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

Total number of protons

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

two atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 7

Valence Shell

Answer 7

Outmost shell

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

atom with an unequal number of electrons and protons

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

positive charge

Question 10

Anion

Answer 10

negative charge

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

describes how easily it is for an atom to gain electrons to form bonds

Question 12

Chemical Bonds

Answer 12

an attraction that holds atoms together

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

stable group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

composed of 2+ different elements

Question 15

Ionic Bonds

Answer 15

after ions are formed, the (+) and (-) charges keep the cation and anion atoms together

Question 16

Covalent Bonds

Answer 16

sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 17

Polar

Answer 17

electrons are shared unequally (charged)

Question 18

Non-Polar

Answer 18

electrons are shared equally (no charge)

Question 19

Law of Mass Conservation

Answer 19

all atoms present in the reactants are still present in the products

Question 20

Water shares what kind of bonds

Answer 20

Hydrogen bond (polar molecule)

Question 21

Cohesion

Answer 21

water molecules stick to each other

Question 22

Adhesion

Answer 22

water molecules stick to substances

Question 23

High Specific Heat

Answer 23

Amount of heat 1g of something must absorb/release to change the temperature by 1 degree Celsius

Question 24

High Heat of Vaporization

Answer 24

amount of heat to convert 1g liquid to gas

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

dissolving agent

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

substance being dissolved

Question 27

Solution

Answer 27

homogenous mixture of substances

Question 28

Aqueous

Answer 28

solution- water is solvent

Question 29

Hydrophobic

Answer 29

Avoids water, group together

Question 30

Hydrophilic

Answer 30

Loves water, allows interactions

Question 31

Concentration [c]

Answer 31

number of solute molecules in a volume of solution

Question 32

Acidity (pH)

Answer 32

how many H+ (and OH-, indirectly) ions are present in a solution

Question 33

1 mole

Answer 33

6.02 x 10^23 molecules

Question 34

Molarity (M)

Answer 34

number of moles per liter of solution

Question 35

Molecular Weight (Mw)

Answer 35

weight, in grams, of 1 mole of a compound

Question 36

Log Scale

Answer 36

pH= -log[H+]

Question 37

Hydrocarbons

Answer 37

chain of carbon-hydrogen atoms in the molecule

Question 38

What is the carbon-hydrogen skeleton called?

Answer 38

Hydrocarbon

Question 39

Hydroxyl Group (–OH)

Answer 39

Polar; Hydrophilic; Can Ionize

Question 40

Carbonyl Group (>C=O)

Answer 40

Polar; Hydrophilic; Hard to ionize

Question 41

Carboxyl Group (–COOH)

Answer 41

Polar; Hydrophilic; Easy to ionize, Acts as an ACID

Question 42

Amino Group (–NH2)

Answer 42

Polar; Hydrophilic; Easy to ionize, Acts as a BASE

Question 43

Sulfhydryl Group (–SH)

Answer 43

Polar; Hydrophilic; Hard to ionize

Question 44

Phosphate Group (–OPO)

Answer 44

Polar; Hydrophilic; Ionizes-Acid