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FOR MIDTERM > BIOLOGY 2 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

What is the basic unit of heredity?

A

Gene

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3
Q

Give 3 reasons why garden pea is an ideal organism for genetic studies.

A
  1. They exhibit vigorous growth
  2. They can self-fertilize
  3. They can cross-fertilize
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4
Q

What are the four branches of genetics

A
  1. Molecular genetics
  2. Transmission genetics
  3. Cytogenetics
  4. Population genetics
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5
Q

Also known as classical genetics

A

Transmission genetics

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6
Q

Serves as repository of genetic information in cells

A

Chromosome

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7
Q

A heritable feature of an organism

A

Characteristic

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8
Q

True or false, Genes occur in pairs.

A

True

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9
Q

Alternative forms of a gene

A

Alleles

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10
Q

True or false, The genotype is heterozygous if the alleles are identical

A

False

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11
Q

True or false, The genotype is homozygous if the alleles are different

A

False

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12
Q

Refer to the actual manifestation of genotypes into observable traits

A

Phenotypes

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13
Q

What principle in genetics, In a heterozygous individual, one allele(dominant) completely masks the expression of the other allele(recessive).

A

Principle of Dominance

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14
Q

Refers to the set of alleles possessed by an organism

A

Genotype

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15
Q

Our chromosomes occur in pairs called?

A

homologous chromosomes

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16
Q

From the father or male parent

A

Paternal

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17
Q

From the mother or female parent?

A

Maternal

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18
Q

What did mendel chose for his hybridization experiments

A

Pisum Sativum or legumes garden peas

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19
Q

Two types of genetics

A

Heredity and Variation

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20
Q

Genetics that deals with DNA and gene expression and regulation

A

Molecular genetics

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21
Q

genetics that deals with chromosome structure and behavior during cell division.

A

Cytogenetics

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22
Q

genetics that deals with different patterns of inheritance

A

Transmission genetics

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23
Q

genetics that deals with how forces of evolution influence genes in populations

A

Population genetics

24
Q

The oldest subdiscipline of genetics

A

Transmission genetics or classical genetics

25
Q

3 previous notions of inheritance

A
  1. Pangenesis
  2. Homunculus theory
  3. Blending theory
26
Q

The belief that seed are produced in different organs and will later on gather to form the offspring

A

Pangenesis

27
Q

The invention of the microscope made people believe that sperm cells bear a homunculus or little man

A

Homunculus theory

28
Q

States that traits of parents blend every generation of offspring

A

Blending theory

29
Q

Who are the three men who rediscovered THE EXPERIMENTS ON PLANT HYBRIDIZATION In 1900s?

A
  1. Hugo de Vries
  2. Carl Correns
  3. Erich von Tschermak
    De vries, Correns, von Tschermak
30
Q

The two alleles of a gene in an individual segregate or separate from each other during gamete formation

A

Law of Segregation

31
Q

Mating between two individuals involving two characteristics or two pairs of contrasting traits.

A

Dihybrid Cross

32
Q

The alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation

A

Law of segregation

33
Q

Alleles from different loci assort independently

A

Law of independent assortment

34
Q

3 extensions of mendelian inheritance

A
  1. Incomplete dominance
  2. Codominance
  3. Multiple alleles
35
Q

It produces another copy of chromosomes

A

Replication

36
Q

It increases genetic diversity

A

Recombination

37
Q

The 1st to 22nd pair are called ____

A

Autosomes

38
Q

23rd pair termed as the _____

A

Sex chromosome

39
Q

Genes that go along with either sex chromosome

A

sex-linked

40
Q

It is more common in males than in females

A

X-linked trait

41
Q

Is the inability to distinguish certain colors

A

Colorblindness

42
Q

used as a test for color blindness

A

The Ishihara chart

43
Q

A rare inherited bleeding disorder

A

Hemophilia

44
Q

What trait is the Hemophilia

A

X-linked trait

45
Q

Trait that is only common in males since only males have the Y chromosome

A

Y-linked trait

46
Q

A trait where it is characterized by having a hairy ear

A

hypertrichosis pinnae auris trait

47
Q

As opposed to mendelian inheritance wherein the heterozygous genotype expresses the dominant trait, the heterozygous genotype of an X-linked trait in females will result in a carrier female

A

Sex-related inheritance

48
Q

Sex-influenced traits are controlled by______

A

Autosomal genes

49
Q

The genes are found on both sexes, but one expresses it more than the other

A

Sex-influenced trait

50
Q

The genes are found on both sexes, but only one sex expresses it

A

Sex-limited trait

51
Q

Is a mechanism where the homologous pairs of chromosomes exchange genes

A

Recombination

52
Q

Is termed as such because their phenotypic manifestation and inheritance patterns vary between males and females. Therefore, genes that go along with either sex chromosome are said to be sex-linked

A

Sex linkage

53
Q

The alleles from different genes are sorted into the gametes independently of each other. Thus, the inheritance of these two
genes become independent

A

Law of independent assortment

54
Q

It is the study of inheritance and variation in organisms. It has various subdisciplines

A

Genetics

55
Q

is the one that is particularly concerned about the mechanisms or patterns of inheritance.

A

Transmission genetics

56
Q

In terms of this, genes can either be dominant or recessive

A

Expression

57
Q

What reveals the law of segregation

A

Mendel’s monohybrid cross

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