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quacksy + elixir > Biology: Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology: Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

7 characteristics of living organisms

A

Growth, Movement, Sensitivity, Respiration, Nutrition, Reproduction, Excretion

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2
Q

Definition for Growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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3
Q

Definition of Movement

A

An action by an organism causing a change of position or place

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4
Q

Definition of Sensitivity

A

The ability to detect or sense stimuli and respond to changes in the environment

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5
Q

Definition of Respiration

A

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy

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6
Q

Definition of Nutrition

A

Taking in nutrients for energy, growth and development

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7
Q

Definition of Reproduction

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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8
Q

Definition of Excretion

A

Removal from organism of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

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9
Q

4 forms of classification of organisms

A
    • morphology
  • DNA similarities
  • anatomy
  • ability to produce fertile offspring
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10
Q

Definition of Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

8 levels of classifications of organisms

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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10
Q

Acronym of levels of classification

A

Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand?

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11
Q

5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms

A

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctist, Prokaryote

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12
Q

Characteristics of Animal Kingdom

A
  • cell have nucleus
  • no cell wall
  • no chloroplast
  • feed on organic substances made by other living organisms
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13
Q

Characteristics of Plant Kingdom

A
  • cells have nucleus
  • contain cell walls (made of cellulose)
  • contains chloroplasts
  • feed by photosynthesis
  • may have roots, stems, flowers and leaves (not all)
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14
Q

Characteristics of Fungi Kingdom

A
  • cells have nuclei
  • contains cell wall
  • no chlorophyll
  • feed by digesting waste organic materials (saprophyte or parasite)
  • usually multicellcular (except yeast)
  • decomposers
  • made of microscopic threads (hyphae)
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15
Q

Definition of Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic substances outside their bodies, releasing nutrients from them that other organisms can use

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16
Q

Definition of Spores

A

Very small groups of cells surrounded by a protective wall, used in reproduction

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17
Q

Difference between multicellular and unicellular

A

made of many cells; made of a single cell

18
Q

Uses of Fungi

A
  • food
  • make bread & beer (yeast)
  • antibiotics (penicillin)
  • harm (spores that cause meningitis)
19
Q

Characteristics of Protoctist Kingdom

A
  • have nucleus
  • may or may not have cell wall / chloroplast
  • feed by photosynthesis or organic matter by other organisms
  • multicellular/unicellular
20
Q

Definition of Fungus

A

An organism whose cells have cell wall but does no photosynthesise

20
Q

Characteristics of Prokaryote Kingdom

A
  • no nucleus
  • contains cell wall (peptidoglycan)
  • no mitochondria
  • usually unicellular
  • small loop of DNA
  • usually contains plasmid (small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cells’s chromosomal DNA)
20
Q

Definition of Prokaryote

A

An organism whose cells does not have a nucleus

21
Q

Definition of Protoctist

A

A single-celled organism, or one with several very similar cells

22
Q

Definition of Hyphae

A

Microscopic threads, made up of cells linked in a long line, that makes up the body of a fungus

23
Q

5 Classes of Vertebrates

A

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, Birds

24
Q

Characteristics of Reptiles

A
  • have lunds and dry scales
  • poikilotherms
  • internal fertilisation
  • oviparous
24
Q

Characteristics of Amphibians

A
  • adult: have lungs and absorb oxygen through moist skin
  • young: breathe through gills
  • poikilotherms
    external fertilisation
  • oviparous
24
Q

4 Classifications of Arthropods

A

Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans, Myriapods

24
Q

Characteristics of Fish

A
  • breathe through gills
  • wet scales
  • poikilotherms
  • external fertilisation
  • oviparous
24
Q

Characteristics of Mammal

A
  • have lungs and fur
  • maintain body temperature
  • internal fertilisation
  • viviparous
24
Q

Characteristics of Crustaceans

A
  • > 8 jointed legs
  • breathe through gills
  • 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • 2 pairs of antennae
  • live in wet places / water
24
Q

Characteristics of Arthropods

A
  • hard outer skeleton
  • jointed legs
  • segmented body
  • many limbs
  • bilateral symmetry
24
Q

Characteristics of Insects

A
  • 6 jointed legs
  • 2 pairs of wings (1/both may be vestigial)
  • breathe through tracheae
  • 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • live on land / terrestrial
24
Q

Characteristics of Birds

A
  • have lungs, feathers and beaks
  • internal fertilisation
  • oviparous
24
Q

Characteristics of Arachnids

A
  • 8 jointed legs
  • breathe through book lung
  • 2 segments (cephalothorax & abdomen)
  • no antennae
  • live on land
24
Q

Characteristics of Myriapods

A
  • 2 jointed legs per segment
  • breathe through spiracles that are connected to tracheal system
  • many similar segments
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • live in moist places
24
Q

Definition of Vestigial

A

Description of a structure that has evolved to become so small that it is useless

25
Q

Characteristics of Ferns

A
  • plants with leaves (fronds), roots and stem
  • does not produce flowers
  • reproduce by spores on the underside of their fronds
26
Q

Characteristics of Angiosperms

A
  • plants with roots, stems and leaves
  • reproduce using flowers and seeds
  • seeds produced inside ovary of the flower
27
Q

2 Types of Angiosperms

A

Monocotyledon & Dicotyledon

28
Q

Characteristics of Monocots

A
  • 1 cotyledon
  • fibrous roots
  • parallel leaf veins
  • scattered stem vascular bundles
  • flower petals in multiples of 3
29
Q

Characteristics of Dicot

A
  • 2 cotyledons
  • tap root
  • net leaf vein
  • vasucalr bundles form ring
  • 4 or 5 flower petals
30
Q

Characteristics of Viruses

A
  • not a living thing (no characteristics of living things)
  • dependent on other living cells
  • replicate in living cells
  • smaller than bacteria
  • RNA/DNA
  • surrounded by capsid (protein shell)
  • outer envelope consisting of lipids + proteins

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