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Biology 101 > Biology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Atomic theory

A

The concept of an atom

Born in Ancient Greece (~500bc)

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1
Q

Chemical basis of life

A

Atoms, molecules, and properties of H2O

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2
Q

Atomic structure

A

The nature of an atom

Proton, neutron, electron, ion, isotopes

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3
Q

Atomos

A

All matter is made up of tiny invisible particles named

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4
Q

Matter

A

Has mass and occupies space

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5
Q

Matter is

A

Composed of chemical elements.

Gas, solid, liquid, plasma

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6
Q

Element

A

Has atomic characteristics and cannot be broken down into other substances

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7
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter with retains the chemical and physical properties of an element

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8
Q

Proton
Electron
Neutron

A

Positive
Negative
No charge

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9
Q

Atomic structure

A

Nucleus composed of protons and neutrons and surrounded by orbiting electrons. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass (1 dalton)

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10
Q

Atomic number

A

Same as number of protons

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11
Q

Atomic mass and weight

A

Mass of protons and neutrons combined

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12
Q

All atoms of an element have?

A

The same atomic number and mass

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13
Q

In a neutral atom?

A

Number of protons = number of electrons

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14
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms must have a certain # of protons to retain the characteristics of a given element, but # of neutrons sometimes vary.
Unstable and decay at constant rate

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15
Q

Electrons

A

Orbit around nucleus (drawn by protons + charge)

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16
Q 
Valence 
# in valence dictates what?
A

Outermost shell

The reactivity of the atom

17
Q

Atoms will?

A

Accept, donate, or share electrons with other atoms to fill the valence shell and become stable.

18
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Attractive forces between atoms that result from accepting, donating, or sharing electrons.

19
Q

Bonding capacity?

A

of bonds atom will form

20
Q

Octet rule

A

Valence she’ll is full when it contains 8 electrons ( most stable)

21
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds (NaCL, H2)

22
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of 2 or more different atoms (NaCL)

23
Q

Ions

A

Atoms in which the number of electrons doesn’t equal that of protons

24
Q

Cation

A

Atom which loses electron is now positively charged

25
Q

Anion

A

Atom which gains electron is now negatively charged

26
Q

Types of chemical bonds

A 
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds 
Hydrogen bonds 
Non polar covalent bonds
27
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Complete transfer of electrons

Atoms held together by electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged cation and anion

28
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Resulting in compound neutral

Bonds are weak

29
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Chemical bond formed Between 2 atoms by the sharing of electrons
Strength of bond increases with the # of shared electrons

30
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

One atom of a molecule attracts electron more strongly than other atom (unequal sharing)

31
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Occurs when + hydrogen atom of 1 polar molecule is attracted to the - atom of another polar molecule
Occurs in DNA and protein

32
Q

Water

A

75% earth made up of

Vertebrates composed up to 66% water

33
Q

Unique properties of water

A

Polar molecule

Molecules bound to each other by hydrogen bonds

34
Q

Why water is unique

A

Extremely high specific heat
Ice formation
Cohesion
High polarity

35
Q

Ice formation

A

H+ bonds in water form a crystal lattice which traps air

Causes solid water to be less dense than liquid (ice)

36
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction of water molecules to each other. Surface tension caused by cohesion

37
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction of water molecules to polar molecules

38
Q

High polarity

A 
Polar hydrophilic (water loving) molecules are highly soluble in water 
Non polar hydrophobic molecules are soluble in water (oils)
39
Q

pH

A

Is the potential hydrogen of a substance
pH of pure water is 1 dalton or 1 H+ per liter of water
pH scale on 0-14
pH 0-6.9 is acidic
Readily dissociate in water and donate H+ ions
Adding H+ ions decreases pH

40
Q

Buffers

A

Accept or donate H+ ions

Carbonic acid buffers the pH of the blood

Biology 101 (7 decks)

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