Biology Chapter 4

Question 1

What was the first step toward understanding the importance of cells?

Answer 1

Their discovery in the 1600s

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

all cells come from previously existing cells and consists of three principles

Question 3

First principle of the cell theory

Answer 3

1. Every organism is made up of one or more cells

Question 4

First principle of the cell theory

Answer 4

2. The smallest organisms are singe cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms

Question 5

First principle of the cell theory

Answer 5

3. All cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 6

English scientist Robert Hooke

Answer 6

developed a primitive light microscope in 1665

Question 7

Light microscopes can

Answer 7

view living cells

Question 8

Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s

Answer 8

built his own microscope

Question 9

Light microscopes use lenses made of

Answer 9

glass or quartz to bend and focus light

Question 10

Moderm microscopes have much

Answer 10

higher resolving power

Question 11

Structures inside living cells can be visualized in

Answer 11

light microscopes

Question 12

Electron microscopes provide

Answer 12

high resolution

Question 13

Electron microscopes use

Answer 13

beams of electrons focused by magnetic fields to resolve images

Question 14

Transmission electron microscopes

Answer 14

pass elections through a thin specimen

Question 15

Scanning electron microscopes

Answer 15

bounces electrons off specimens that are dry and hard

Question 16

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

genetic material is contained within a membrane-enclosed structures

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

do not have a nucleus

Question 18

Protist example

Answer 18

paramecium

Question 19

Most cells range in size from about

Answer 19

1 to 100 micrometers in diameter

Question 20

You can see the basic structure of a eukaryotic cell with a

Answer 20

light microscope

Question 21

You can see the flu virus through a

Answer 21

electron microscope

Question 22

Microscopes can’t go any smaller than

Answer 22

carbon atoms

Question 23

All cells share

Answer 23

common features

Question 24

All cells are descended from an ancestor that arose about

Answer 24

3.5 billion years ago

Question 25

Since cells are small..

Answer 25

they can exchange nutrients and wastes with their external environment

Question 26

A process by which molecules dissolved in fluids move, is relatively slow

Answer 26

Diffusion

Question 27

all parts of the cell must stay closed to the external environment in order to have

Answer 27

access to nutrients and excrete wastes

Question 28

All cells have ___________ as common feature

Answer 28

plasma membrane

Question 29

the plasma membrane encloses the cell and

Answer 29

allows interactions between the cell and its environment

Question 30

The plasma membrane consists of proteins embedded in a bilayer of

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

All cells contain

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

Cytoplasm consists of

Answer 32

all the fluid and structures inside the plasma membrane

Question 33

Cytosol

Answer 33

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 34

Cytoskeleton consists of

Answer 34

a variety of protein filaments

Question 35

Protein filaments provide

Answer 35

support, transport structures within the cell, allow cells to move and change shape, and play a role in cell division

Question 36

Actin

Answer 36

red protein filament

Question 37

Tubulin

Answer 37

green protein filament

Question 38

All cells use

Answer 38

DNA as hereditary instructions to form RNA

Question 39

RNA

Answer 39

guides construction of cell parts/ proteins

Question 40

Central Dogma

Answer 40

DNA to RNA to Protein

Question 41

Replication occurs in the

Answer 41

nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 42

Bacterial and eukaryotic cells can perform

Answer 42

transcription and translation

Question 43

DNA genes are copied to

Answer 43

ribonucleic acid

Question 44

RNA is chemically similar to

Answer 44

DNA

Question 45

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 45

have a relatively simple internal structure

Question 46

Generally less than 5 micrometers in diameter

Answer 46

prokaryotic cells

Question 47

unicellular and make up two of life’s domains, Archaea and Bacteria

Answer 47

prokaryotic cells

Question 48

What has distinctive surface features

Answer 48

prokaryotic cells

Question 49

nearly all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a

Answer 49

cell wall