Biology-Paper1-Cell biology

Question 1

What are the examples of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Animal and plant cell

Question 2

What is the example of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

What type of cell is bacteria?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes

Question 4

What type of cell is animal and plant cell?

Answer 4

Eukaryotes

Question 5

Which is smaller? Bacteria or animal cell

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What is the similarity of bacteria and eukaryotic cell?

Answer 6

• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall (plant cell)

Question 7

What are the similarities and differences between animal and plant cell? What are their function

Answer 7

Similarity
* Nucleus - Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
* Cytoplasm - A jelly-like material containing dissolved nutrients, salts, and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
* Cell membrane - Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
* Mitochondria - Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
* Ribosomes - Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Differences
* Chloroplasts - Absorb light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
* Permanent vacuole - Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
* Cell wall - Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.

Question 8

Where is the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 8

Enclosed in a nucleus

Question 9

Where is the genetic material in a bacteria?

Answer 9

In the plasma
A single DNA loop

Question 10

What are the small rings of DNA in a bacteria called?

Answer 10

Plasmids

Question 11

1mm = ?μm

Answer 11

1000

Question 12

1μm = ?nm

Answer 12

1000

Question 13

What is cell wall made of?

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 14

Growth and repair damge

Question 15

Explain the cell cycle

Answer 15

1. Cell growth
2. DNA synthesis - the chromosomes are now double strands
3. Furthur growth occurs and the DNA is check for errors
4. Mitosis
5. The cytoplasm seperates - two cells are formed
6. Temporary cell resting period or the cell stops dividing
7. Go back to 1

Question 16

Explain mitosis

Answer 16

1. Prophase: The DNA condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
2. Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
3. Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telophase: The nuclear envelope reforms around the two sets of chromosomes, and the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Question 17

What is the process called when a stem cell turn into different cell types?

Answer 17

Differentiation

Question 18

Why is stem cell in embryo is so useful?

Answer 18

They can differentiate into any type of cell

Question 19

Which part of human body produce stem cells?

Answer 19

Bone marrow

Question 20

Why are stem cells in a adult human body not as useful as embryonic stem cell?

Answer 20

They cannot differentiate into any type of cell

Question 21

Which part of plants produce stem cells?

Answer 21

Meristems

Question 22

Where is meristems in plants?

Answer 22

Tip of roots and shoots

Question 23

List all the part of a microscope

Answer 23

• Eyepiece
• Coarse focus
• Fine focus
• Objective lenses
• Stage clips
• Condenser
• Mirror
• Stage
• Arm

Question 24

What is the formular of magnification?

Answer 24

Size of image/ Size of object