Biology-Paper2-Inheritance, variation and evolution Flashcards
What are the features of asexual reproduction?
- One parent
- Offspring are produced by mitosis
- Offspring are genetically identical to the parent
- Usually relatively large numbers of offspring produced
- Usually relatively fast to reproduce
What are the features of sexual reproduction?
- Two parents
- Offspring are produced from the fusion of two haploid gametes, which are produced by meiosis
- Offspring are genetically unique
- Relatively small numbers of offspring produced
- Relatively slow to reproduce
What is the definition of gene?
A short length of DNA found on a chromosome that can code for a particular characteristic (expressed by the formation of different proteins)
What is the definition of allele?
It is variations of the same gene
What is the definition of phenotype?
The physical characteristic
What is the definition of genotype?
The combination of alleles that control each characteristic
What is a dominant allele?
Only needs to be inherited from one parent in order for the characteristic to show up in the phenotype
What is a recessive allele?
Needs to be inherited from both parents in order for the characteristic to show up in the phenotype
What is the term of the two alleles of a gene are the same?
Homozygous
What is the term of the two alleles of a gene are different?
Heterozygous
What is the definition of genome?
The entire set of genetic material of an organism
What are mitosis used for?
- Growth
- Repair to damaged tissue
- replacement of worn-out cells
What are the steps of mitosis?
- cell growth, and the increase of the number of structures in the cell (mitochondria, ribosomes)
- genetic material is copied
- mitosis occurs leading to chromosomes separation and cell division
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
- Mitosis - two daughter cells, diploid
- Meiosis - four daughter cells, haploid
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
