Biology Test 1

Question 1

Biodiversity Def.

Answer 1

Variety of life on earth. Includes all gene (diversity), species (diversity) and ecosystems (diversity)

Question 2

Genetic Diversity

Answer 2

Comprises of Genetic variety WITHIN a population
Genetic variety BETWEEN a population

Question 3

Species Diversity

Answer 3

Variety of species within an ecosystem through the biosphere

Question 4

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 4

Identifies the variety of ecosystem in the biosphere
Is currently affected by humans
Influenced by Abiotic and Biotic factors

Question 5

Why is biodiversity important

Answer 5

Ecosystems with high biodiversity are better able to cover impacts such as fire, disease and human interferance
-Economic Value
-Utilitarian
-Psychological
-Intirinsic

Question 6

Why is biodiversity important?- Economic Value

Answer 6

Resources including food;
(90% of present day food crops have been domesticated) which therefore make up medicines and other helpful chemicals
(75% of the world’s population depend on the plants or plant extracts)
-Genes for better crops
-Ecotourism
-Fuel

Question 7

-Utilitarian ValueWhy is biodiversity important?

Answer 7

-Prevents erosion
-Purifies water
-Recycles C02
-Regulates our climate
-Recycles nutrients through decomposition

Question 8

Why is biodiversity important?-Psychological/Social Value

Answer 8

-Direct or indirect enjoyment of nature
-Many flora and fauna is considered sacred in in some religions

Question 9

Why is biodiversity important?Intrinsic Value

Answer 9

Intirinsic def. (belonging tothe essential nature)
Independent of humans

Question 10

Evolution and Extinction

Answer 10

Biodiversity is constantly changeing
Large numbers of species that have lived have gone extinct*
Human activities threaten Earth”s biodiversity (causing mass extinction)
Rate of extinction is high due to ecosystem degradation by humans
Best way to conserve organisms is to conserve the environment where its needs are met

Question 11

Biodiversity Hotspot Def

Answer 11

An area with high concentration of endemic species, experiancing rapid habitat loss e.g. Pandas in China, Jarrah and Banksia wood in South-West Australia (New Caledonia-The hottest spot for biodiversity)

Question 12

Endemic Species

Answer 12

Belonging to a native environment/people

Question 13

Measuring Biodiversity-Species Richeness

Answer 13

The number of species (how many different types of species there are)

Question 14

Measuring Biodiversity-Relative abundance

Answer 14

The evenness with which individuals are spread out among other members of the community

Question 15

Measuring Biodiversity- Species Richness

Answer 15

A large number of individuals of each species is usually desirable
Can also indicate a loss of biodiversity
E.g. Mice population and snakes/eagles

Question 16

Measuring Biodiversity

Answer 16

The analysis of the relationship between SPECIES RICHNESS and RELATIVE ABUNDANCE gives a clear picture of diversity in an area

Question 17

Biodiversity and Sustainability

Answer 17

Refers to the ability of a ecosystem to support itself and continue to provide benefits to humans and the organisms it supports. Higher biodiversity produces higher sustainability

Question 18

Classification

Answer 18

Process of grouping things (organisms in biology) according to similarities that they share. E.g. Supermarkets; flour, sugar, cocoa

Question 19

Why Classify-Organisation of INformation

Answer 19

-Diversity of life on earth is high (high species richness)
-It allos us to observe trendsd or patterns in organism
-Understanf relationships between organisms bettwer

Question 20

Whyclassify-ANalysis

Answer 20

Analyse information about organismsC

Question 21

ommunication

Answer 21

Communicate with other scientists based off of findings
_Comparre your findings with other scientists

Question 22

How to CLassify

Answer 22

Remember 2 things
-Make the factors easily noticeable
-Choose features that are not subjective
-Structure
-Behaviour
-Biochemistry

Question 23

Characteristic used to group organisms-Physical Characteristiscs

Answer 23

Almost any physical aspect of an organism that can be described can be used
E.g. Hair, Scales, Paws

Question 24

How to classify-Reproductive methods

Answer 24

Ability to produce is a characteristic of life and certain organisms have their own way of doing this;
-Sexually (2 parent cells) or asexually (1 parent cell)
-Carried for a period of time and give birth to live young

Question 25

How to classify-Molecular sequences

Answer 25

We can use the sequence of DNA and proteins (amino acids) to classify

Question 26

7 Levels of Classifcation

Answer 26

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
(Kings play chess on fancy glass stools)

Question 27

Naming things

Answer 27

First part is genus, second is species
E.g. Hippocampus subelongatus: Seahorse

Question 28

Initial Division

Answer 28

Eukayrote
-DNA within a nucleus and membrane bound organelles present
Prokayryotes
–Lack a nucleus and membrane bound by organelles

Question 29

5 Kingdoms

Answer 29

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Anamalia

Question 30

Kingdom Monera

Answer 30

Single Celled
Prokaryotic (Simple, no distinct nucleus)
Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic
Includes bacteria and blue green algae

Question 31

Kingdom Protista

Answer 31

Single celled
Eukayortic
E.g. Paramecium, Euglena

Question 32

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 32

Usual muitcellular
Eukaryotic
Have cell walls
No chloroplasts
Heterotrophic
E.g. Yeast, Mushrooom, Mould

Question 33

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 33

Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
multicellularr
Vacuole
PlastiidsK

Question 34

ingdom Anamalia

Answer 34

Eukaytotic
No cell Wall
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No large vacuoles or plastids