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Biology- vocab 5 > Biology- vocab > Flashcards

Biology- vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Autosome

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

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2
Q

Haploid cell

A

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

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3
Q

Diploid cell

A

Has two copies of each chromosome

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4
Q

Gene locus

A

a specific location of a gene on a chromosome

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5
Q

Sister chromatids

A

identical copies formed by DNA replication

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6
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells (male and female)

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7
Q

Crossing over

A

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

Somatic cells

A

cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

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9
Q

Genetic recombination

A

the physical breakage, exchange, and rejoining of two DNA molecules

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10
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate

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11
Q

Karyotype

A

an individuals complete set of chromosomes

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12
Q

Zygote

A

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

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13
Q

Tetrad

A

a group or set of four

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14
Q

Spermatocyte

A

the production of sperm cells

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15
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

two same chromosome pairs

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16
Q

Chromatin

A

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms

17
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

A form of gene interaction where both alleles are partially expressed (mixture)

18
Q

Recessive trait

A

Requires both alleles to be recessive in order to be expressed

19
Q

Gamete

A

Reproductive cell of an animal or plant

20
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

21
Q

Allele frequency

A

Percentage of a population that carries a particular locus

22
Q

Pedigree

A

A diagram that tracks or traces a specific trait in a family

23
Q

Exchange of Genetic Information

A

Exchange of genetic information between different organisms

24
Q

Somatic cells

A

Body cells (any cell that is not a sex cell)

25
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

A form of gene interaction where both alleles are partially together (spotted/pattern)

26
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristic that is determined by genotype

27
Q

Fertilization

A

The union/joining of two gametes

27
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an individual

28
Q

Allele

A

Variations of a specific gene

29
Q

Gene

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait

30
Q

GMO

A

An animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered

31
Q

Homologous pairs

A

Chromosomes that contain the same exact genes, but with slightly different variations

31
Q

Karyotype

A

An organized profile/diagram of an individual’s chromosomes

32
Q

Homozygous

A

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.

33
Q

Oocyte

A

An immature female egg cell

34
Q

Centromere

A

Location where two chromatids are linked to form a chromosome

Biology- vocab 5 (1 decks)

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