Bladder cancer Flashcards
Who is bladder cancer more common in
males
What type of carcinomas are there
Urothelial carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
What causes/ risk factors of urothelial carcinomas
make up 90% of bladder cancers
smoking , carcinogen exposure, aromatic amines, painters and hairdressers
What causes squamous cell carcinoma
rare
associated with chronic inflammation
Chronic UTIs, schistosoma haematobium
What may a patient with bladder cancer present with
PAINLESS MACROSCOPIC HAEMATURIA
LUTS - storage and voiding symptoms
frequency
urgency
nocturia
dysuria
hesitancy
incomplete voiding
poor stream
FLAWS
What investigations are required for bladder cancer
urinalysis to confirm haematuria
FBC,ALP, U &Es
cystoscopy and biopsy
CTAP,MRI AP - exclude kidney stones
Isotope bone scan
CXR for metastasis
What is the management for superficial lesions
transurethral resection of bladder tumour
What is the management for T2 bladder cancer
Radical cystectomy and ileal conduit
Radical radiotherapy
What is the management for higher grade/ recurrent bladder cancer
Intravesical chemotherapy
