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BM213 > Block B: Drugs On The ANS And Heart > Flashcards

Block B: Drugs On The ANS And Heart Flashcards

1
Q

ANS stands for

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

ANS conducts

A

Action potentials from CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscle and glands

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3
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Close or within target organs

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4
Q

Sympathetic

A

Close to spinal cord

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5
Q

The neurotransmitter at all autonomic ganglia is

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

The neurotransmitter at most sympathetic neuroeffector junctions is

A

Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)

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7
Q

The neurotransmitter at all parasympathetic neuroefector junctions is

A

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What are Catecholamines

A

act both as neurotransmitters and hormones vital to the maintenance of homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system.

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9
Q

CNS is connected to the

A

PNS through both Afferent and Efferent Neurons

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10
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Conducts action potential from the CNS to Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Sensory nerves conducts impulses from receptors to CNS

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12
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Conducts action potential from CNS to effectors (Muscle and glands)

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13
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is an

A

Emergency system. The fight or flight reaction

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system is under

A

Non stressful conditions. Effects predominate during the rest and repair

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15
Q

Parasympathetic systems can

A

Slow heartbeat and promotes digestion and gland secretion

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16
Q

ANS consists of

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

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17
Q

The autonomic nervous system receptors act as

A

on/off buttons that control the various sympathetic and parasympathetic effects in the body.

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18
Q

What are the receptors of the ANS?

A

GPCRs. One example is an ion channel receptor (Nicotinic)

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19
Q

ANS receptors meditate the action of released

A

Transmitters: acetylcholine, Noradrenaline, adrenaline and so

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20
Q

ANS receptors: Acetylcholine

A

Nicotinic (ligand gated ion channel) and muscarinic (G-protein coupled receptors)

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21
Q

ANS receptors: noradrenaline

A

Alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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22
Q

Beta 2 receptors causes

A

Relaxation of airways vessels via cAMP

23
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Are drugs that mimic the actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline

24
Q

Main functions of the heart

A

Transport, removal of waste, transporting hormones, temperature regulation and host defence

25
Q

The walls of the heart are composed of

A

Cardiac muscle cells, the myocardium

26
Q

The inner surface walls of the heart that is in contact with the blood

A

Endocardium

27
Q

The inner lining of the pericardium is continuous with the covering of the heart itself is the

A

Epicardium

28
Q

The heart is located within a fluid filled membranous sec called the

A

Pericardium

29
Q

The Cardiac cycle refers to the

A

Electrical and mechanical changes that occur in the heart during a single beat

30
Q

The cardiac cycle has 2 phases

A

The contractile phase (systole) and relaxation, filling phase (diastole)

31
Q

Cardinal muscle cells are joined together by

A

Gap junctions

32
Q

The myocardium is supplied with blood by the

A

Coronary arteries

33
Q

Action potentials are intimated when the

A

Membrane is depolarised

34
Q

Chronotropic drugs may change the

A

heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it

35
Q

Drugs that target the heart

A

Beta blockers (beta 1 antagonists)
Selective alpha 1 antagonists
ACE inhibitors

36
Q

Flow =

A

Change in pressure/Resistance

37
Q

Respiration consists of 3 things

A

Ventilation, gas exchange and metabolism of O2 within the body

38
Q

Oxygen is transported by

A

Haemoglobin

39
Q

B Adrenoceptor acting drug

A

Salbutamol, B2 agonists

40
Q

Beclomethasone. Drug used for

A

Asthma, agonists for glucocorticoid receptor that inhibits pulmonary inflammation

41
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when

A

Haemoglobin binds CO more readily that O2 and also looses co-operatively when it does

42
Q

Skeletal muscle is controlled by

A

Somatic motor nerves

43
Q

Skeletal muscle fibres consist of hundreds of

A

Myofibril that has myosin (thick) and actin + troponin (Thin)

44
Q

What does exercise cause

A

Increased blood flow to the Skeletal muscles
Increased cardiac output ( Sym + and parasy -)
Increased respiratory output

45
Q

Endurance training increases

A

V02 max (the point of maximal oxygen consumption

46
Q

Strength training causes an increase in

A

Glycolytic fibre size

47
Q

Endurance training can turn

A

Fast-glycolytic fibres into fast oxidative-glycolytic fibres

48
Q

Skeletal muscle fibre types

A

Type 1 to type 2b
1 being slowest more oxidative fibres
Type 2a fast oxidative
Type 2b fast glycolytic fibres

49
Q

Motor nerves generate muscle action potential through

A

Ca2+ rises allows myosin-actin cross-bridge cycling to contract muscle

50
Q

NMJ blockers are

A

Muscle relaxants

51
Q

Botulinum toxin A (Botox) inhibits the release of

A

ACh causing local muscle paralysis to treat excessive sweating - or facial wrinkle formation

52
Q

Dantrolene is a drug that

A

Inhibits SR ca2 release.
Used to treat muscle spasticity or malignant hyperthermia

53
Q

Skeletal muscle contraction consumes

A

Lots of ATP

BM213 (6 decks)

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