Blood

Question 1

What is the function of the blood ?

Answer 1

transport of oxygen
transport of co2
delivery of regulatory substances
buffer function
immune function

Question 2

99 percent of blood is composed of what

Answer 2

erythrocyte and reticulocytes

Question 3

hematocrit

Answer 3

percentage of the volume of cellular elements vs. total volume

Question 4

Blood plasma is contains 91 percent water and 7-8 percent protein, what makes up this protein portion

Answer 4

albumin, gamma globulins and alpha, beta golbulins and fibronogen

Question 5

erythrocytes

Answer 5

anucleate eosinophilic cells devoid of typical organlles
biconcave disc
bind oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is the life span for a erythrocyte

Answer 6

120

Question 7

What are RBC’s broken down

Answer 7

spleen, bone marrow and liver

Question 8

What is the membrane of the erythrocyte

Answer 8

lipid bilyer
integral membrane proteins
peripheral membrane proteins

Question 9

hemoglobin function

Answer 9

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Structure of hemoglobin

Answer 10

4 polypeptide subunits
each one contains a heme
4 different types of globin chains

Question 11

sickle-cell anemia

Answer 11

caused by a single point mutation in the gene that encodes a beta globin chain of hemoglobin A, sickeled erythrocytes are more rigid and tend to pile up in the capillaires

Question 12

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

Answer 12

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

Question 13

What are the 2 types of agranulocytes

Answer 13

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 14

what are the two types of leukocytes

Answer 14

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 15

characteristic of neutrophils

Answer 15

migration
named after lack of cytoplasmatic staining
multilobed nuc
heterochromatin in periphery
granules

Question 16

What are the types of granules in neutrophils

Answer 16

specific granules
axurophylic granules (primary)
tertiary granules

Question 17

azuropylic granules of neutrophils

Answer 17

larger granules, lysosomes containing myeloperoxydase that generates bactericidal hypochloride; cationic proteins called defensins that have bactericidal function

Question 18

secondary granules of neutrophils

Answer 18

smallest, most numerous
contain enzymes (4 collagenase, phospholipidase); complement activators, bactericidal agent

Question 19

tertiary granules of neutrophils

Answer 19

phosphatase containg and metalloproteise (facilitates migration through connective tissue)

Question 20

eosinophils

Answer 20

bilobed nucleus
heterochromatin in periphery
euchromatin in middle of nucleus
have specific crnaules-cristalloid body and granule matrix and also have azurophylic granules (lysosomes containing acid hydrolases)

Question 21

cristalloid body

Answer 21

MBP-acidophilia of granule cytotoxic to protozoans and hlemintic parasites(found in eosinophils)

Question 22

granule matrix

Answer 22

found in eosinophils have ECP, EPO, and EDN as well as a lot of other things such as histaminase and arylsulphatase

Question 23

azurophylic granules

Answer 23

lysosomes containg hydrolytiic enzymes

Question 24

basophils

Answer 24

bilobed nucleus obscured by granules
heterochromatin in periphery of nucleus
grainy texture to granules
plasma membrane posses fc receptors for IgE and expresses CD40L

Question 25

specific granules of basophils

Answer 25

heparan sulphate
histamin
SRS-A-vasodilation

Question 26

lymphocytes

Answer 26

intensely staining, indented spherical nucleus

Question 27

the classification of lymphocyte substypes is based on what

Answer 27

function NOT morphology

Question 28

B lymphocytes

Answer 28

variable life span and turn into plasma cells that produce circulating antibodies

Question 29

T lymphocytes

Answer 29

long life span, involved in cell mediated immunity

no antibodies

Question 30

cytotoxic lymphocytes

Answer 30

recognize MHCI

Question 31

helper lymphocytes

Answer 31

facilitate differentiation of lymphocytes

Question 32

suppressor lymphocytes

Answer 32

suppresses B and T cell a tivity

Question 33

NK cells

Answer 33

programmed to kill virus infected cells and tumor cells

dented nucleus, several large cytoplasmic granules

Question 34

monocytes

Answer 34

travel from the bone marrow to the body tissus where thy differentiate into various tissue macrophages
phagocytose and degrade antigens and present to MHC II
remain in blood for only 3 days
embryo bean shaped nucleus

Question 35

alpha granules

Answer 35

vessel repair, coagulation and platelet aggregation

Question 36

delta granules

Answer 36

platelet adjesion, vasoconstrivtion of injured area

Question 37

lambda granules

Answer 37

clot resorption during the vessel repiar