Blood

Question 1

Function of blood

Answer 1

1) Carry waste
2) Carry nutrition
3) Immune function, defend against infection
4) Clotting (platelets)

Question 2

Function of Iron

Answer 2

1) Component of hemoglobin and myoglobin (RBC / Muscle)
2) Cofactor for energy metabolism

Question 3

Iron deficiency

Answer 3

Level 1: Iron deficiency
-low iron stores, cognitive function, energy level
-Pica (eating non food items)

Level 2: Anemia/ Anaemia
-Small red blood cells
-Fatigue, low work capacity
-Poor immune function

Question 4

Assessment of iron

Answer 4

1.Measurement of stores
-Blood transport proteins

2. Blood cell measurements
   -Hematocrit (check no. of RBC)

Question 5

Group at risk (IRON)

Answer 5

• People in developing countries
  -Growing individuals (higher iron requirement)
  -Athletes
  -People with access blood loss
  -Vegetarian with poor nutritional education or habit

Question 6

Dietary sources (IRON)

Answer 6

Heme iron (better absorbed)
Good: Meat, fish, poultry
Bad: Milk

Nonheme iron (less well absorbed)
Good: Tofu, wholegrains, dried fruits, leafy green vegetables
Bad: Iron cookware, less acid food, food cooked quickly

Question 7

Function of Zinc

Answer 7

1) Cofactor
-Synthesis of heme
-Immune system
-Digestion and metabolism
-Component of antioxidant enzyme

Question 8

Zinc deficiency

Answer 8

-Lost of taste
-Failure to grow
-Impaired vision & immune function

Question 9

Group at risk (Zinc)

Answer 9

-High heme iron intake (inhibit zinc absorption)
-High copper intake
-High dietary fiber and phytates intake
-Elderly
-Pregnant woman
-Children
-Vegan diet

Question 10

Dietary sources (ZINC)

Answer 10

found in food high in protein
-meat, fish, poultry

Question 11

Function of Copper

Answer 11

-Iron transport
-Cofactor for energy metabolism, antiolxidant

Question 12

Copper deficiency

Answer 12

Anemia (Microcytic, iron deficiency)

Question 13

(Copper) Groups at risk

Answer 13

people with too much zinc intake

Question 14

Copper Dietary Sources

Answer 14

-Seafood
-Seeds, Nuts
-Meat and offal
-Beans
-Water (frm copper pipes)

Question 15

Function of Folate (Vit B9)

Answer 15

-Coenzyme for: amino acid & dna synthesis
-red blood cell synthesis (rbc formed every 120 days)

Question 16

Deficiency of Folate

Answer 16

1. Macrocytic anemia (Very large RBC)
2. Neural tube defects (formed by 4th week of pregnancy)
   -spina bifida (Split open spine) : form of neural tube defect and children may suffer brain retardation

Question 17

Groups at risk (FOLATE)

Answer 17

-Consumers of large amt of alcohol
-Pregnant woman
-Some people undergoing chemo

Question 18

Dietary sources (Folate)

Answer 18

-Fortified products
-Green leafy veg
-Liver
-Beans
-Whole grains

Question 19

Function of Vitamin B12

Answer 19

-Function of RBC
-Folate metabolism
-Help maintain myelin sheath of nerves

Question 20

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 20

-Macrocytic anemia
-Fatigue
-Impaired coordination

Question 21

Groups at risk (Vit B12)

Answer 21

People with stomach dysfunction
- Lack of absorption factor
- Intrinsic factor***

Elderly
-Lack stomach acid and absorption factor

Vegans

People with ileum problems (site of active absorption)

Question 22

Dietary sources (Vit B12)

Answer 22

-Animal products: meat, poultry, dairy
-Cereal/ soy milk

Question 23

Function of Vitamin K

Answer 23

-Formation of blood clotting factors
-Formation of bone matrix problem (calcium deposition)

Question 24

Vit K deficiency

Answer 24

-Blood clotting issues
-Bone don’t mineralize

Question 25

Groups at risk (Vit K)

Answer 25

-people with fat malabsorption
-infants
-people who take large amt/ long term non absorbable antibiotics

Question 26

VITK Dietary sources

Answer 26

-bacterial synthesis in large intestine
-Liver
-Green veg
-Milk