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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

fluid tissue that transports everything that must be carried from one place to another through blood vessels

A

blood

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2
Q

nonliving fluid matrix, 90% water

A

plasma

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3
Q

red blood cells, make up 45% of blood

A

erythrocytes

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4
Q

white blood cells, less than 1% of blood

A

leukocytes

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5
Q

white blood cells and platelets

A

buffy coats

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6
Q

oxygen rich blood

A

scarlet red

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7
Q

dull red

A

oxygen poor blood

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8
Q

blood pH

A

7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)

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9
Q

plasma proteins

A

mostly made by the liver, includes albumin, clotting proteins, and antibodies

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10
Q

blood buffer and contributes to osmotic pressure

A

albumin

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11
Q

help to stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

A

clotting proteins

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12
Q

help protect the body from pathogens

A

antibodies

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13
Q

fragments of megakaryocytes

A

platelets

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14
Q

main function is to carry oxygen

A

erythrocytes

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15
Q

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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16
Q

a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood

A

anemia

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17
Q

anemia due to abnormally shaped hemoglobin

A

sick cell anemia

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18
Q

disorder resulting from excessive increase of RBC

A

polycythemia

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19
Q

bone marrow cancer

A

polycythemia vera

20
Q

due to life at higher altitudes

A

secondary polycythemia

21
Q

able to move into and out of blood vessels (diapedesis) and respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues (positive chemotaxis)

A

leukocytes

22
Q

an important blood buffer and contributes to somatic pressure

A

albumin

23
Q

all WBCs

A

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

24
Q

most common WBC, increase during and function as phagocytes at active sites of infection

A

neutrophils

25
Q

Function is to kill parasitic worms; play a role in allergy
attacks

A

eosinophils

26
Q

Large histamine-containing granules that stain dark blue
to purple

A

basophils

27
Q

Reside in lymphatic tissues, play a role in immune response

A

lymphocytes

28
Q

Distinctive U- or kidney-shaped dark purple nucleus, important in fighting chronic infection

A

monocytes

29
Q

process of blood cell formation, occurs in red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

30
Q

Hemocytoblasts form two types of descendants

A

Lymphoid stem cell, Myeloid stem cell

31
Q

controls rate of RBC production

A

erythropoietin

32
Q

the process of stopping the bleeding that
results from a break in a blood vessel

A

hemostasis

33
Q

Phases of hemostasis (ESSAY)

A

vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation (clotting)

34
Q

caused by vasoconstriction, immediate response to blood vessel injury (ESSAY)

A

vascular spasms

35
Q

Collagen fibers are exposed by a break in a blood
vessel, platelets become “sticky” and cling to fibers (ESSAY)

A

platelet plug formation

36
Q

Injured tissues release tissue factor (TF), PF3
(a phospholipid) interacts with TF, blood protein
clotting factors, and calcium ions to trigger a clotting
cascade, Fibrin forms a meshwork (the basis for a clot) (ESSAY)

A

coagulation

37
Q

Blood usually clots within

A

3-6 minutes

38
Q

A clot that develops and persists in an unbroken
blood vessel

A

thrombus

39
Q

A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the bloodstream

A

embolus

40
Q

Insufficient number of circulating platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

41
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder, normal clotting factors are missing

A

hemophilia

42
Q

Loss of over _________ of blood causes shock, which can
be fatal

A

30%

43
Q

substances that the body recognizes as
foreign and that the immune system may attack, the “recognizers” that bind foreign antigens

A

antigens

44
Q

The most vigorous transfusion reactions are caused by

A

ABO and Rh blood group group antigens

45
Q

most americans carry the

A

Rh antigens

46
Q

In a second pregnancy, the mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

47
Q

occurs in infants when the liver cannot rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products fast enough

A

physiological jaundice

Anatomy (16 decks)

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