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Anatomy 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

2 circulatory system

A
  • lymphatic
  • circulatory
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2
Q

Blood composition

A

Formed elements and blood plasma

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3
Q

Blood plasma

A
  • water
  • plasma proteins
  • ions
  • dissolves gasses
  • nutrients
  • hormones
  • waste products
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4
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • red blood cells
  • carry oxygen
  • Biconcave disc
  • No nucleus
  • lots of hemoglobin
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5
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • protein
  • carry’s oxygen in 4 heme units
  • 4 O2 and 1 iron atom
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6
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • immune system cells
  • removes dead cells and debris
  • large with nucleus
  • move independently
  • produces antibody’s
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7
Q

Platelets

A

Assist with blood clotting

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8
Q

Hemopoiesis

A
  • production of formed elements
  • in the bone marrow
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9
Q

Hemostasis

A

Prevents blood loss

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10
Q

Vascular spasm

A

Smooth muscle spam that pinches vessel

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11
Q

Platelet plug formation

A
  • damaged cells release chemicals
  • that activate platelets
  • that stick together and clot
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12
Q

Fibrin coagulation

A
  • chemical activate enzymes
  • builds fibrin, sticky protein fibers
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13
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inadequate clotting

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14
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Blood from heart to lungs and back

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15
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Heart to organ systems and back

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16
Q

Cavity and membrane of heart

A

Cavity- pericardial
Membrane- pericardium

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17
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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18
Q

Top and bottom of heart

A

Top- base
Bottom- apex

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers

A
  • branches
  • Intercalated disc
  • lots of mitochondria
  • autorythmic, generates AP without outside signal
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20
Q

Chambers of heart

A
  • right atrium
  • left atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left ventricle
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21
Q

Artery

A

Blood flow away from heart

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22
Q

Vein

A

Blood flow toward heart

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23
Q

Heart artery’s

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
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24
Q

Heart veins

A
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • pulmonary veins
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25
Q

Valves

A

Designed to prevent back flow

26
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrium -> right ventricle

27
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Left atrium -> left ventricle

28
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Base of the pulmonary trunk

29
Q

Aortic semicircular valve

A

Base of aorta

30
Q

Coronary vessels

A

Branched along the outside of the heart
(where heart attaches and heart disease occur)

31
Q

Cardiac cycle nodes

A
  • sinoatrial node
  • atrioventricular node
32
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped per beat

33
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of beats per min

34
Q

Cardiac output

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

35
Q

Intrinsic regulation

A

Regulation of stroke volume controlled by heart

36
Q

Starlings law of the heart

A

Venus return, stroke volume, cardiac output increases

37
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

Nervous- innervation
Endocrine- epinephrine

38
Q

Layers of a blood vessel

A
  • tunica externa
  • tunica media
  • tunica intima
39
Q

Tunica externa

A
  • outer layer of blood vessel
  • strong connective tissue
40
Q

Tunica media

A
  • middle layer of blood vessel
  • smooth muscle
41
Q

Tunica intima

A
  • inner layer of blood vessel
  • endothelium (simple squamous)
42
Q

Artery characteristics

A
  • thick walls
  • more smooth muscles
  • stronger and more elastic
  • higher pressure
  • smaller lumen
  • smaller diameter
43
Q

Types of arteries

A
  • Elastic arteries
  • muscular arteries
  • arterioles
44
Q

Elastic arteries

A
  • large
  • strong
  • aorta
45
Q

Muscular arteries

A
  • Medium size
  • thick tunica media
  • smooth muscle
  • blood flow regulation
46
Q

Arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • no tunica externa
  • small tunica media
47
Q

Vein characteristics

A
  • thin walls
  • low pressure
  • large lumen
  • large diameter
  • have valves
48
Q

Capillaries, types

A

One cell think
- continuous
- fenestrated

49
Q

Continuous capillaries

A
  • cell walls are tightly joined
  • most common
50
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A
  • pores/ gaps between cells
  • less common
51
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

52
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening or the arteries

53
Q

Local control

A
  • individual capillary beds
54
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A
  • regulates blood flow
  • smooth right of muscle cells before capillaries
55
Q

Types of blood flow control

A
  • local control
  • regional control
  • control of cardiac output
56
Q

Regional control

A
  • adjust blood flow to regions
  • controlled by neurons and endocrine
  • sympathetic, causes vessels to relax and dilate
  • parasympathetic, causes vessels to tense and contract
57
Q

Control of cardiac output

A
  • affects total blood flow
  • heart rate
  • stroke volume changes
58
Q

Blood volume

A

If blood volume increase blood pressure increases

59
Q

Stroke

A

Sudden decrease of blood flow to the brain

60
Q

Embolism

A

Floating blood clot clogs smaller arteries

61
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Rapture of arteries
- direct conte t to blood in the brain causes cell damage

Anatomy 2 (5 decks)

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